1289
The
Siege of Tripoli by the Mamluks.
Year 1289 (MCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
Britain
Levant
- February 9 – Sultan Qalawun (the Victorious) marches the Mamluk army out of Cairo, leaving his son Al-Ashraf Khalil commanding Cairo's Citadel, supported by Viceroy Baydara al-Mansuri. The army moves via Salihiya, across Sinai and through Jordan to Damascus. He orders the regional governors of Syria to mobilize in Damascus, where many infantry volunteers have assembled.
- March – The 19-year-old King Henry II sends his younger brother Almalric, with a company of knights and 4 galleys to Tripoli (modern Lebanon). Meanwhile, many non-combatant citizens flee to Cyprus. The Mamluk army arrives before Tripoli and begins the attack with siege engines, while building buches (wooden defensive structures) outside the city on March 25.
- April 26 – Siege of Tripoli: Mamluk forces under Qalawun (the Victorious) capture Tripoli after a month-long siege, thus extinguishing the County of Tripoli. Qalawun orders the city to be razed to the ground, a widespread massacre kills every man found by the Mamluks, while the women and children are taken as slaves.
- July–August – Admiral Benedetto Zaccaria, having escaped from Tripoli, starts a naval campaign against Mamluk shipping and raids Tinnis in Egypt. In response, Qalawun closes Alexandria to Genoese merchants.
Education
Markets
- In Siena, twenty-three partners, including five members of the Bonsignori family, re-create the Gran Tavola, formerly the most successful European bank, which had ceased its operations after the death of its creator and manager, Orlando Bonsignori, in 1273.
Births
- May 24 – Afonso Sanches, Portuguese nobleman and knight (d. 1329)
- October 4 – Louis X (the Quarrelsome), king of France (d. 1316)
- October 6 – Wenceslaus III, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1306)
- Alfonso de la Cerda, Spanish nobleman and archdeacon (d. 1327)
- Alice Comyn, Scottish noblewoman (House of Brienne) (d. 1349)
- Donnchadh IV, Scottish nobleman, magnate and knight (d. 1353)
- Eleanor of Anjou, queen consort of Sicily (House of Anjou) (d. 1341)
- Frederick the Fair (or the Handsome), king of Germany (d. 1330)
- Joan of Artois, French noblewoman and ruler (suo jure) (d. 1350)
- Ton'a (or Tonna), Japanese Buddhist poet and writer (d. 1372)
- William de Shareshull, English lawyer and chief justice (d. 1370)
Deaths
- January 16 – Buqa (or Bugha), Mongol nobleman and chancellor
- February 26 – Przemko of Ścinawa, Polish nobleman and knight
- March 10 – Maud de Lacy (or Matilda), English noblewoman (b. 1223)
- March 12 – Demetrius II (the Devoted), king of Georgia (b. 1259)
- March 19 – John of Parma, Italian priest and theologian (b. 1209)
- April 19 – Conrad of Ascoli, Italian monk and missionary (b. 1234)
- May 24 – Frederick V, German nobleman (House of Hohenzollern)
- May 27 – John III, German nobleman and co-ruler of Mecklenburg
- June 11 – Bonconte I da Montefeltro, Italian nobleman (b. 1250)
- August 24 – Patrick III, Scottish nobleman and regent (b. 1213)
- Alexander Comyn, Scoto-Norman nobleman, magnate and knight
- Bentivenga da Bentivengi, Italian monk, cleric and cardinal-bishop
- Catherine Birgersdotter, Swedish noblewoman (House of Bjelbo)
- David Mac Cerbaill (or MacCarwell), Irish monk and archbishop
- Diego López IV, Spanish nobleman and knight (House of Haro)
- Eudes de Montreuil, French master builder, sculptor and engineer
- Fakhr al-Din Iraqi (or Araqi), Persian poet, philosopher and writer
- Gruffydd Fychan I, English nobleman and prince of Powys Fadog
- Guy III, French nobleman, knight and regent (House of Châtillon)
- Il-yeon, Korean Buddhist monk, historian and calligrapher (b. 1206)
- Ippen (or Zuien), Japanese Buddhist monk and preacher (b. 1234)
- Petrus de Dacia, Swedish monk, hagiographer and writer (b. 1235)
- Ugolino della Gherardesca, Italian nobleman, politician and admiral
References
- ^ Kelly de Vries & Niccolo Capponi (2018). Osprey: Campaldino 1289 - The battle that made Dante, pp. 51–86. ISBN 978-1--4728-3128-6.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 150. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states, p. 45. ISBN 978-1-84176-862-5.
- ^ David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states, p. 46. ISBN 978-1-84176-862-5.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 340. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Miller, William (1921). "The Zaccaria of Phocaea and Chios (1275-1329)". Essays on the Latin Orient, p. 284. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 457893641.
- ^ Bowsky, William (1981). A medieval Italian commune: Siena under the Nine, 1287-1355. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04256-5.