1912
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1912
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1912.
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1912th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 912th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1912, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
This year is notable for the sinking of the Titanic, which occurred on April 15th.
In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skipping 13 days. Friday, 30 November (Julian Calendar) immediately turned Saturday, 14 December 1912 (in the Gregorian Calendar).
Events
January
February
March
March 7:
Amundsen and the
South Pole
March 27:
Cherry trees for Washington, D.C.
- March 1 – Albert Berry is reported to have made the first parachute jump from a flying airplane.
- March 6 – Italian forces become the first to use airships in war as two dirigibles drop bombs on Turkish troops encamped at Janzur, from an altitude of 6,000 feet.
- March 7 – Roald Amundsen, in Hobart, Tasmania, announces his success in reaching the South Pole the previous December.
- March 12 – The Girl Scouts of the USA is founded by Juliette Gordon Low, in Savannah, Georgia.
- March 16 – Lawrence Oates, dying member of Scott's South Pole expedition, leaves the tent saying, "I am just going outside and may be some time."
- March 22 – The State of Bihar is formed out of the erstwhile State of Bengal, in British India.
- March 27 – Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo gives 3,000 cherry trees to be planted in Washington, D.C., to symbolize the friendship between Japan and the United States.
- March 29 (probable date) – Robert Falcon Scott and the remaining members of his South Pole expedition die.
- March 30 – The French Third Republic establishes the French protectorate in Morocco by the Treaty of Fes with Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco.
April
April 15: The
RMS Titanic sinks
- April 1 – A partial lunar eclipse takes place, the first of two lunar eclipses this year. It is the 61st lunar eclipse of the 111th Saros cycle, which started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on June 10, 830 AD and will conclude with another penumbral lunar eclipse on July 19, 2092.
- April 10 – White Star liner RMS Titanic departs from Southampton, England, with more than 2,200 passengers and crew on her maiden voyage, bound for New York.
- April 11 – RMS Titanic makes her last call, at Queenstown in Ireland.
- April 14–15 – Sinking of the RMS Titanic: RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg in the northern Atlantic Ocean and sinks with the loss of more than 1,500 lives. The wreck is not discovered until 1985.
- April 14 – Santos FC, a Brazilian association football club, is founded in State of Sao Paulo.
- April 16 – Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly across the English Channel.
- April 17
- April 18 – Cunard Line vessel RMS Carpathia arrives in New York with the 705 RMS Titanic survivors.
- April 20
- April 24 – English association football club Barnsley win the FA Cup.
- April 30 – Carl Laemmle founds Universal Studios as the Universal Film and Manufacturing Company in the United States.
May
1912 Summer Olympics
June
July
- July 1 – Harriet Quimby, who set the record as the first woman to fly the English Channel two months previously, dies in Squantum, Massachusetts, after her brand-new two-seat Bleriot monoplane crashes, killing both Quimby and her passenger.
- July 12 – The United States release of Sarah Bernhardt's film Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth is influential in the development of the movie feature. Adolph Zukor, who incorporates Paramount Pictures on May 8, 1914, launches his company as the distributor. Paramount celebrates its centennial in 2012.
- July 30 – Emperor Meiji of Japan dies; he is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who becomes Emperor Taishō. In the history of Japan, the event marks the end of the Meiji period and the beginning of the Taishō period.
August
September
October
November
December
Date unknown
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1912-detail-Springfield-Birmingham.jpg/170px-1912-detail-Springfield-Birmingham.jpg)
1912 date-mark on the apex of a building at Springfield, Birmingham, England.
Births
January
Salah al-Din al-Bitar
José Ferrer
Leonid Kantorovich
Konrad Emil Bloch
- January 1
- January 3 – Armand Lohikoski, Finnish director (d. 2005)
- January 5 – Gilbert Ralston, British-American screenwriter, television producer (d. 1999)
- January 6
- January 7
- January 8
- January 9 – Basil Langton, English actor, authority on the stage works of George Bernard Shaw (d. 2003)
- January 10
- January 11 – Abdul Haq, Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. 1988)
- January 12 – Paul Birch, American actor (d. 1969)
- January 15 – Michel Debré, 99th Prime Minister of France (d. 1996)
- January 19 – Leonid Kantorovich, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- January 21 – Konrad Emil Bloch, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2000)
- January 23 – Susan French, American actress (d. 2003)
- January 27
- January 28 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (d. 1956)
- January 30
- January 31
February
Roberta McCain
Lawrence Durrell
- February 2
- February 3 – Lynn Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player, executive (d. 1980)
- February 4
- February 6 – Eva Braun, Adolf Hitler's wife (d. 1945)
- February 7 – Roberta McCain, American socialite and oil heiress; mother of U.S. Senator John McCain (d. 2020)
- February 11 – Roy Fuller, English poet, novelist (d. 1991)
- February 14 – Juan Pujol García, Spanish Catalan double agent (d. 1988)
- February 19 – Ursula Torday, British writer (d. 1997)
- February 20 – Pierre Boulle, French author (d. 1994)
- February 27 – Lawrence Durrell, British writer (d. 1990)
- February 28 – Bertil, Swedish prince, Duke of Halland (d. 1997)
- February 29 – Kamil Tolon, Turkish businessperson (d. 1978)
March
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg/100px-Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg)
Sir
Jack Marshall
Pat Nixon
Karl Malden
James Callaghan
- March 1 – Boris Chertok, Polish-born Russian rocket designer (d. 2011)
- March 3 – Wally Cassell, Italian-born American actor (d. 2015)
- March 4
- March 5
- March 8 – Joachim Schepke, German submarine commander (d. 1941)
- March 9 – Francis Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, 8th Baron Thurlow, British peer and diplomat (d. 2013)
- March 12 – Irving Layton, Canadian poet (d. 2006)
- March 13 – Charles Schepens, Belgian-American ophthalmologist (d. 2006)
- March 14
- March 15 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (d. 1982)
- March 16 – Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States (d. 1993)
- March 17 – Bayard Rustin, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1987)
- March 18
- March 19
- March 20 – Ralph Hauenstein, American philanthropist and businessman (d. 2016)
- March 22
- March 23 – Wernher von Braun, German-born American physicist, engineer (d. 1977)
- March 24 – Dorothy Height, American civil rights activist (d. 2010)
- March 25 – Jean Vilar, French stage actor (d. 1971)
- March 27 – James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
- March 29 – Hanna Reitsch, German aviator (d. 1979)
- March 31 – William Lederer, American writer (d. 2009)
April
Sonja Henie
Kim Il Sung
Glenn T. Seaborg
- April 2 – Herbert Mills, American singer, "Mills Brothers" tenor (d. 1989)
- April 4 – Joie Chitwood, American racecar driver and businessman (d. 1988)
- April 5 – John Le Mesurier, British actor (d. 1983)
- April 7 – Jack Lawrence, American composer (d. 2009)
- April 8
- April 10
- April 11 – Gusti Wolf, Austrian actress (d. 2007)
- April 12
- April 13 – William J. Tuttle, American makeup artist (d. 2007)
- April 14
- April 15 – Kim Il Sung, President of North Korea (d. 1994)
- April 16
- April 17 – Marta Eggerth, Hungarian-born American actress, singer (d. 2013)
- April 19 – Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- April 22
- April 26 – A. E. van Vogt, Canadian-born writer (d. 2000)
- April 27 – Zohra Sehgal, Indian stage, film actress (d. 2014)
- April 28 – Odette Sansom, French World War II heroine (d. 1995)
May
Marten Toonder
Pedro Armendáriz
János Kádár
Julius Axelrod
- May 1
- May 2
- May 3
- May 5 – Judd L. Teller, author, historian, writer, poet (d. 1972)
- May 6 – Bill Quinn, American actor (d. 1994)
- May 8
- May 9 – Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican actor (d. 1963)
- May 11 – Foster Brooks, American actor, comedian (d. 2001)
- May 12 – Mayavaram V. R. Govindaraja Pillai, Carnatic violinist from Tamil Nadu, Southern India (d. 1979)
- May 16 – Studs Terkel, American writer, broadcaster (d. 2008)
- May 17
- May 18
- May 20 – Edgar Bischoff, Romanian-born French composer (d. 1995)
- May 21
- May 22 – Herbert C. Brown, English-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
- May 23
- May 25 – Princess Deokhye of Korea (d. 1989)
- May 26
- May 27
- May 28
- May 29 – Pamela Hansford Johnson, English poet, novelist, playwright, literary and social critic (d. 1981)
- May 30
- May 31
June
Maria Montez
Enoch Powell
Alan Turing
- June 4 – Robert Jacobsen, Danish artist (d. 1993)
- June 5 – Dean Amadon, American ornithologist (d. 2003)
- June 6 – Maria Montez, Dominican actress (d. 1951)
- June 8
- June 9 – Philip Simmons, American ornamental ironworker (d. 2009)
- June 11
- June 12 – Russell Hayden, American actor (d. 1981)
- June 15 – Fanny Schoonheyt, Dutch Communist fighter in the Spanish Civil War. (d.1961)
- June 16 – Enoch Powell, British politician (d. 1998)
- June 21 – Kazimierz Leski, Polish engineer, fighter pilot, intelligence and counter-intelligence officer (d. 2000)
- June 22 – Raymonde Allain, French model, actress (d. 2008)
- June 23
- June 24 – Mary Wesley, English novelist (d. 2002)
- June 25
- June 26
- June 27
- E. R. Braithwaite, Guyanese novelist, writer, teacher, and diplomat (d. 2016)
- Wilbur Jackett, Canadian scholar, public servant, jurist, and the first chief justice of the Federal Court of Canada (d. 2005)
- June 28 – Glenn Morris, American Olympic athlete (d. 1974)
- June 29 – Émile Peynaud, French oenologist, researcher (d. 2004)
- June 30
July
- July 1
- July 2 – Edwin L. Mechem, American politician (d. 2002)
- July 3 – John Buchan Ross, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2009)
- July 4 – Said Akl, Lebanese poet, philosopher, writer, playwright and language reformer (d. 2014)
- July 6
- July 7
- July 8 – Christel Goltz, German operatic soprano (d. 2008)
- July 9 – Editta Sherman, Italian-American photographer (d. 2013)
- July 11 – Peta Taylor, English cricketer (d. 1989)
- July 12
- July 13 – Suzanne Haïk-Vantoura, French organist, music teacher, composer and music theorist (d. 2000)
- July 14
- July 15
- July 16
- July 17
- July 18
- July 19 – Peter Leo Gerety, American Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
- July 20
- July 21 – Mollie Moon, American civil rights activist (d. 1990)
- July 28 – George Cisar, American actor (d. 1979)
- July 31
August
Salvador Luria
Gene Kelly
Erich Honecker
Edward Mills Purcell
- August 1
- August 2 – Palle Huld, Danish actor (d. 2010)
- August 3 – Fritz Hellwig, German politician (CDU), European Commissioner for Science & Research (d. 2017)
- August 4 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish humanitarian (d. 1947)
- August 7 – Võ Chí Công, Vietnamese Communist politician (d. 2011)
- August 9 – Anne Brown, American soprano (d. 2009)
- August 10 – Jorge Amado, Brazilian author (d. 2001)
- August 11 – Norman Levinson, American mathematician (d. 1975)
- August 13
- August 15
- August 16
- August 18 – Otto Ernst Remer, German Wehrmacht officer (d. 1997)
- August 23
- August 25 – Erich Honecker, East German politician (d. 1994)
- August 27
- August 29 – Son Kitei, Japanese athlete (d. 2002)
- August 30
- August 31 – Katsumi Tezuka, Japanese actor (d. unknown)
September
John Cage
Frank Thomas
Chuck Jones
Martha Scott
October
Fernando Belaúnde
Pope John Paul I
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sir_George_Solti_6_Allan_Allan_Warren.jpg/100px-Sir_George_Solti_6_Allan_Allan_Warren.jpg)
Sir
Georg Solti
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Richard_Doll.jpg/100px-Richard_Doll.jpg)
Sir
Richard Doll
Ollie Johnston
- October 1 – Kathleen Ollerenshaw, English mathematician (d. 2014)
- October 4 – Meredith Bordeaux, American politician (d. 2014)
- October 5 – Karl Hass, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2004)
- October 6 – Perkins Bass, American politician (d. 2011)
- October 7 – Fernando Belaúnde, 42nd and 43rd President of Peru (d. 2002)
- October 11 – Fedora Alemán, Venezuelan soprano singer (d. 2018)
- October 12
- October 13 – Cornel Wilde, Hungarian actor, film director (d. 1989)
- October 15 – Nellie Lutcher, American singer (d. 2007)
- October 16 – Clifford Hansen, American politician (d. 2009)
- October 17 – Pope John Paul I, Italian churchman (d. 1978)
- October 18 – Philibert Tsiranana, Prime Minister and President of Madagascar (d. 1978)
- October 21 – Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (d. 1997)
- October 22
- October 24 – Murray Golden, American television director (d. 1991)
- October 25 – Minnie Pearl, American humorist (d. 1996)
- October 26 – Ed Reimers, American actor, television announcer (d. 2009)
- October 27 – Conlon Nancarrow, American composer (d. 1997)
- October 28 – Richard Doll, English physiologist, epidemiologist (d. 2005)
- October 30 – Preston Lockwood, English actor/writer (d. 1996)
- October 31 – Ollie Johnston, American animator (d. 2008)
- October 31 – Dale Evans, American singer, actress (d. 2001)
November
Alfredo Stroessner
Otto von Habsburg
- November 3 – Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (d. 2006)
- November 4 – Vadim Salmanov, Russian composer (d. 1978)
- November 6
- November 8
- November 10
- November 11 – Larry LaPrise, American songwriter (d. 1996)
- November 13 – Claude Pompidou, wife of French President Georges Pompidou (d. 2007)
- November 14
- November 16
- November 18 – Hilda Nickson, née Hilda Pressley, British novelist (d. 1977)
- November 19 – George Emil Palade, Romanian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- November 20 – Otto von Habsburg, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary in exile (d. 2011)
- November 21 – Eleanor Powell, American actress, dancer (d. 1982)
- November 23
- November 24 – Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher (d. 1993)
- November 27 – Connie Sawyer, American actress (d. 2018)
- November 29 – Viola Smith, American drummer (d. 2020)
- November 30
December
Pappy Boyington
Alfred Lennon
Lady Bird Johnson
- December 1
- December 2 – Boun Oum, 2-time Prime Minister of Laos (d. 1980)
- December 4 – Pappy Boyington, American pilot, United States Marine Corps fighter ace (d. 1988)
- December 5
- December 9
- December 10 – Philip Hart, American politician (d. 1976)
- December 11 – Carlo Ponti, Italian film producer (d. 2007)
- December 12
- December 14
- December 17 – Edward Short, British politician (d. 2012)
- December 21 – Jean Conan Doyle, British military officer in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (d. 1997)
- December 22 – Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the United States (d. 2007)
- December 24
- December 26 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino politician, sportswriter (d. 1962)
- December 27 – Conroy Maddox, British painter (d. 2005)
Date unknown
Deaths
January
Eloy Alfaro
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nikolai-Kasatkin.jpg/110px-Nikolai-Kasatkin.jpg)
Saint
Nicholas of Japan
Robert Falcon Scott
Karl May
February
March
April
Edward Smith
Patricio Escobar
Bram Stoker
- April 3 – Calbraith Perry Rodgers, American aviation pioneer, in aircraft accident (b. 1879)
- April 6 – Giovanni Pascoli, Italian poet (b. 1855)
- April 10 – Gabriel Monod, French historian (b. 1844)
- April 12
- April 13 – Ishikawa Takuboku, Japanese author (b. 1886)
- April 14 – Henri Brisson, French statesman (b. 1835)
- April 15 – 1,517 victims of the sinking of the RMS Titanic, including:
- Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder (b. 1873)
- John Jacob Astor IV, American businessman (b. 1864)
- Archibald Butt, American presidential aide (b. 1865)
- Thomas Byles, British Catholic priest (b. 1870)
- Jacques Futrelle, American mystery author and journalist (b. 1875)
- Luigi Gatti, Italian-born restaurateur (b. 1875)
- Sidney Leslie Goodwin, English toddler; youngest victim of the Titanic disaster, unidentified until 2007 (b. 1910)
- Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (b. 1865)
- Henry B. Harris, American theater producer (b. 1866)
- Wallace Hartley, English ship's bandleader and violinist (b. 1878)
- Charles Melville Hays, American railroad executive (b. 1856)
- Francis Davis Millet, American painter, sculptor and writer (b. 1846)
- Clarence Moore, American businessman and sportsman (b. 1865)
- William McMaster Murdoch, First Officer of the Titanic (b. 1873)
- Jack Phillips, English ship's senior wireless officer (b. 1887)
- Edward Smith, English ship's captain (b. 1850)
- William Thomas Stead, English campaigning journalist (b. 1849)
- Isidor Straus, German American department store owner (Macy's) and member of United States House of Representatives (b. 1845)
- Ida Straus, German American wife of Isidor Straus (1 of only 5 Titanic first-class female fatalities) (b. 1849)
- John B. Thayer, American businessman and sportsman (b. 1862)
- Frank M. Warren Sr., American businessman (b. 1848)
- George Dunton Widener, American businessman (b. 1861)
- Harry Elkins Widener, American bibliophile, son of George Dunton Widener (b. 1885)
- Henry Tingle Wilde, Chief Officer of the Titanic (b. 1872)
- April 18 – Martha Ripley, American physician and suffragist (b. 1843)
- April 19 – Patricio Escobar, 9th President of Paraguay (b. 1843)
- April 20 – Bram Stoker, Irish writer (Dracula) (b. 1847)
May
Frederik VIII of Denmark
Wilbur Wright
June
- June 1 – Philip Orin Parmelee, American aviator, in aircraft accident (b. 1887)
- June 9 – Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian writer (b. 1852)
- June 10 – Anton Aškerc, Slovene poet (b. 1856)
- June 11 – Léon Dierx, French poet (Les Amants) (b. 1838)
- June 12 – Frédéric Passy, French economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1822)
- June 16 – Thomas Pollock Anshutz, American painter (b. 1851)
- June 24 – Sir George White, British field marshal (b. 1835)
- June 25
- June 27
- June 30 – Eduardo Blanco, Venezuelan writer and politician (b. 1838)
July
Henri Poincaré
Emperor Meiji
August
September
October
Susie King Taylor
José Canalejas y Méndez
November
December
Nobel Prizes
References
- ^ China, Fiver thousand years of History and Civilization. City University Of Hong Kong Press. 2007. p. 116. ISBN 9789629371401. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ Robert Service (1985). Lenin, a Political Life: Worlds in collision. Indiana University Press. p. 19.
- ^ Wegener, Alfred (1912-07-01). "Die Entstehung der Kontinente". Geologische Rundschau (in German). 3 (4): 276–292. Bibcode:1912GeoRu...3..276W. doi:10.1007/BF02202896. ISSN 1432-1149. S2CID 129316588.
- ^ "New Mexico Art Tells New Mexico History | History: Statehood". online.nmartmuseum.org. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ "Dirigibles in Tripoli War", The New York Times, March 8, 1912
- ^ Lord, Walter (1955). A Night to Remember. New York: Holt.
- ^ "Fundação". Santos Futebol Clube. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ^ Allen, Cecil J. (1958). Switzerland's Amazing Railways. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 141.
- ^ Zissa, Robert F. (July 1984). "Nicaragua, 1912". Leatherneck Magazine. Archived from the original on 2012-10-07. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ "The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
- ^ "ThyssenKrupp Nirosta: History". Archived from the original on September 2, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2007.
- ^ Επίτομη Ιστορία των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων 1912-1913 . Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. 1987. pp. 119–120.
- ^ To the Cambridge Philosophical Society. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ^ Petcu, Marian (2016). Istoria jurnalismului din România în date: enciclopedie cronologică (in Romanian). Elefant Online. ISBN 9789734638543.
- ^ Grenville, John A. S. (2001). The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. pp. 49–50.
- ^ Freudenmann, R. W.; Oxler, F.; Bernschneider-Reif, S. (2006). "The origin of MDMA (ecstasy) revisited: the true story reconstructed from the original documents" (PDF). Addiction. 101 (9): 1241–1245. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01511.x. PMID 16911722.
- ^ William Cooke Taylor, A Popular History of British India. p. 505
- ^ MBTA (2010). "About the T". MBTA. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ Miller, Denny (20 December 2020). Indianapolis Motor Speedway- the Eddie Rickenbacker Era. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781665501446.
- ^ Message, Volumes 55–57. Southern Pub. Association. 1989. p. 8.
- ^ Roberto Quercetani (1964). A World History of Track and Field Athletics, 1864-1964. Oxford University Press. p. 318.
- ^ "Gene Kelly | Biography, Movies, Songs, Singin' in the Rain, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "E. M. Purcell | American physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ William Grimes (2011-09-20). "Kurt Sanderling, Eastern Bloc Conductor, Dies at 98". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-08-27.
- ^ Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Huq, Muhammad Shamsul". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Who's who in the Theatre. Pitman. 1956. p. 1573.
- ^ Magne Njåstad. "Johan Ludvig Holstein". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ Robert Falcon Scott (2006). Journals: Captain Scott's Last Expedition: Captain Scott's Last Expedition. Oxford University Press, UK. p. 454. ISBN 9780199297528.
- ^ a b c Huntford, R. (1985). The Last Place on Earth. London: Pan Books. p. 509. ISBN 9780330288163. OCLC 12976972.
- ^ Simona Block (30 March 2016). "Karl May: Winnetou-Erfinder starb wohl an Bleivergiftung". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ "Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ "These Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble". National Geographic News. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
Further reading