1943 Barzani revolt

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1943–1945 Barzani revolt
Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
Date1943 – October 1945
Location
Northern Iraq
Result

Iraqi victory

  • Revolt suppressed
Belligerents
Iraq Kingdom of Iraq Barzani tribesmen
Allied Kurdish tribes
Commanders and leaders
Iraq Prince Abdullah
Iraq Nuri al-Said
Iraq Hamdi al-Pachachi		 Mustafa Barzani
Ahmed Barzani
Strength
Unknown 2,000 (1943)[1]
3,000 (1945)

The 1943–1945 Barzani revolt was a Kurdish insurrection in the Kingdom of Iraq, during World War II. The revolt was led by Mustafa Barzani and was later joined by his older brother Ahmed Barzani, the leader of the previous Kurdish revolt in northern Iraq. The revolt, initiating in 1943, was eventually put down by the Iraqi assault in late 1945, combined with the defection of a number of Kurdish tribes. As a result, the Barzanis retreated with much of their forces into Iranian Kurdistan, joining the local Kurdish elements in establishing the Republic of Mahabad.

Background

Main article: Ahmed Barzani revolt

The Ahmed Barzani revolt was the first of the major Barzani revolts and the third Kurdish nationalistic insurrection in northern Iraq. The revolt began in 1931, after Ahmed Barzani, one of the most prominent Kurdish leaders in Southern Kurdistan, succeeded in unifying a number of other Kurdish tribes.[2] The ambitious Kurdish leader enlisted a number of Kurdish leaders into the revolt, including his young brother Mustafa Barzani, who became one of the most notable commanders during this revolt. The Barzan forces were eventually overpowered by the Iraqi Army with British support, forcing the leaders of Barzan to go underground.

Aftermath

Main articles: Iran crisis of 1946 and First Iraqi–Kurdish War

Following the failure of the Kurdish nation-state in Iran, Mustafa Barzani and his men retreated towards the Caucasus and eventually found refuge in the Soviet Union, where the Kurds were given sanctuary by the Soviets. Only in late 1950s, Mustafa Barzani would begin a process of reconciliation with the Iraqi government—which would, however, fail, and the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict would re-erupt into its most violent phase from 1961 when the conflict between Kurdish rebels led by Mullah Mustafa Barzani and the Iraqi government caused widespread destruction across northern Iraq.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lortz, Michael G. "The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga" Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Willing to face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces – the Peshmerga – from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq, 2005-10-28. Chapter 1. pp.19-26.
  2. ^ The Kurdish Minority Problem, p.11, Dec. 1948, ORE 71-48, CIA "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).