Clavulinopsis fusiformis

In today's world, Clavulinopsis fusiformis has become a topic of interest to a wide variety of people in different fields. Whether for its relevance in history, its impact on modern society, or its future implications, Clavulinopsis fusiformis has captured the attention of individuals of all ages and occupations. This article seeks to explore and analyze different aspects related to Clavulinopsis fusiformis, with the aim of providing a complete and enriching vision of this topic. From its origin to its current evolution, including its possible consequences, our goal is to offer a global and complete perspective that allows our readers to fully understand the importance of Clavulinopsis fusiformis in the world in which we live.

Clavulinopsis fusiformis
Clavulinopsis fusiformis in grassland, Shetland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Clavariaceae
Genus: Clavulinopsis
Species:
C. fusiformis
Binomial name
Clavulinopsis fusiformis
(Sowerby) Corner (1950)
Synonyms
  • Clavaria fusiformis Sowerby (1799)
  • Clavaria inaequalis var. fusiformis (Sowerby) Fr. (1828)
  • Ramariopsis fusiformis (Sowerby) R.H.Petersen (1978)

Clavulinopsis fusiformis is a clavarioid fungus in the family Clavariaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of golden spindles. In North America it has also been called spindle-shaped yellow coral[1] or golden fairy spindle.[2] It was originally described from England and is part of an unresolved species complex.

Clavulinopsis fusiformis forms cylindrical, bright yellow fruit bodies that grow in dense clusters on the ground in agriculturally unimproved grassland or in woodland litter.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1799 by English botanist and mycologist James Sowerby from collections made in Hampstead Heath in London.[3] It was transferred to Clavulinopsis by English mycologist E.J.H. Corner in 1950.[4] Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that C. fusiformis is part of a complex of related species.[5]

Etymology

The specific epithet fusiformis, derived from Latin, means "spindle-shaped".[6]

Description

The fruit bodies are cylindrical, bright yellow, growing up to 11 centimetres (4+1⁄4 in) tall in fasciculate (densely crowded) clusters of unbranched 'fingers' under 1 cm thick.[7] Microscopically, the hyphae are hyaline, up to 12 μm in diameter, with clamp connections. The basidiospores are hyaline, smooth, globose to subglobose, 4.5 to 7.5 μm, with a large apiculus.[8]

Similar species

In European grasslands, Clavulinopsis helvola, C. laeticolor, and C. luteoalba have similarly coloured, simple fruit bodies but are typically smaller and grow singly or sparsely clustered. The uncommon Clavaria amoenoides produces densely clustered fruit bodies but they are pale yellow and, microscopically, lack clamp connections.[9] Ramariopsis kunzei bears a resemblance.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Growing in woodland, West Virginia

The species was initially described from England and is common throughout Europe. Its distribution outside Europe is uncertain because of confusion with similar, closely related species in the complex.[5] Clavulinopsis fusiformis sensu lato has been reported from North America,[8] Central and South America,[10] and Asia, including Iran,[11] China,[12] Nepal,[13] and Japan.[14]

The species typically occurs in large, dense clusters on the ground and is presumed to be saprotrophic.[15] In Europe it generally occurs in agriculturally unimproved, short-sward grassland (pastures and lawns). Such waxcap grasslands are a declining and threatened habitat, but C. fusiformis is one of the commoner species and is not currently considered of conservation concern. Elsewhere, C. fusiformis sensu lato occurs in woodland. In China it is one of the dominant macrofungal species found in Fargesia spathacea-dominated community forest at an elevation of 2,600–3,500 metres (8,500–11,500 ft).[12]

Uses

Fruit bodies are commonly collected and consumed in Nepal,[13][16] where the fungus is known locally as Kesari chyau.[17]

Extracts from Japan have been found to contain anti-B red blood cell agglutinin.[14]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clavulinopsis fusiformis.
  1. ^ Bessette A, Bessette AR, Fischer DW (1997). Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-0815603887.
  2. ^ Russell, Bill (2017-08-01). Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic: Revised and Expanded Edition. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-08028-4.
  3. ^ Sowerby J. (1799). Coloured Figures of English Fungi. Vol. 2. London, UK: J. Davis. p. 98; plate 234.
  4. ^ Corner EJH. (1950). A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera. Annals of Botany Memoirs. Vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 623–4.
  5. ^ a b Birkebak JM. "Clavariaceae.org". Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  6. ^ Konstantinidis G. (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Medicine and Biology: In English, Greek, German, Italian and Latin. Elsevier. p. 607. ISBN 978-0-08-046012-3.
  7. ^ a b Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
  8. ^ a b Petersen RH (1968). "The genus Clavulinopsis in North America". Mycologia Memoir (2): 1–39.
  9. ^ Roberts P. (2008). "Yellow Clavaria species in the British Isles". Field Mycology. 9 (4): 142–145. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60593-2.
  10. ^ Corner EJH (1970). Supplement to 'A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera'. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 33. Lehre, Germany: J. Cramer. p. 10.
  11. ^ Saber M. (1989). "New records of Aphyllophorales and Gasteromycetes for Iran". Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 25 (1–4): 21–26. ISSN 0006-2774.
  12. ^ a b Zhang Y, Zhou DQ, Zhao I, Zhou TX, Hyde KD (2010). "Diversity and ecological distribution of macrofungi in the Laojun Mountain region, southwestern China". Biodiversity and Conservation. 19 (12): 3545–3563. doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9915-9. S2CID 24882278.
  13. ^ a b Christensen M, Bhattarai S, Devkota S, Larsen HO (2008). "Collection and use of wild edible fungi in Nepal". Economic Botany. 62 (1): 12–23. doi:10.1007/s12231-007-9000-9. S2CID 6985365.
  14. ^ a b Furukuwa K, Ying R, Nakajima T, Matsuki T (1995). "Hemagglutinins in fungus extracts and their blood group specificity". Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics. 12 (4): 223–231. PMID 8919354.
  15. ^ Roberts P, Evans S (2011). The Book of Fungi. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 494. ISBN 978-0226721170.
  16. ^ Boa ER. (2004). Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People. Food & Agriculture Organization. p. 138. ISBN 978-92-5-105157-3.
  17. ^ Adhikari MK, Devokta S, Tiwari RD (2005). "Ethnomycological knowledge on uses of wild mushrooms in western and central Nepal" (PDF). Our Nature. 3: 13–19. doi:10.3126/on.v3i1.329.