Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine

In today's article, we are going to explore the impact of Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine on our modern society. Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine has been a topic of interest and debate for a long time, and its influence can be seen in a variety of contexts, from the political and social spheres, to the cultural and technological. As we delve deeper into this topic, we will delve into its historical origins, its current implications, and its potential to shape the future. Through detailed analysis and critical evaluation, we seek to shed light on Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine and its meaning for our contemporary reality.

An empty pedestal of the "sun of Russian poetry" in Ternopil

The demolition of monuments to dedicated to Russian poet and playwright Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine started during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, it has become a widespread phenomenon and dubbed by Ukrainians Pushkinopad (Ukrainian: Пушкінопад), a pun literally translated as "Pushkinfall", akin to the "Leninfall" during the decommunization process. This wave of dismantling is part of the process of derussification in Ukraine.

Since the 2022 Russian invasion Pushkin is viewed in Ukraine as a Russian propaganda symbol.[1] Hence since the Russian invasion dozens of local Pushkin monuments and hundreds of Pushkin streets in Ukraine have been dismantled and the streets renamed.[2]

History and incidents

See also: Derussification in Ukraine

Prior to 2022 Pushkin was the third most common historical figure represented in Ukraine's streetscapes.[1]

Ukrainian researcher Volodymyr Yermolenko claimed that Russian literature has been a "vehicle of the country’s imperial project and nationalist world-view," giving as examples Pushkin, Lermontov and Gogol.[3] He mentioned Pushkin's poem Poltava, which recounts the revolt of Ukrainian Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa against Tsar Peter the Great during the Swedish invasion of Russia and portrays Mazepa – who had sided with the invading Swedes – as a lecherous traitor.[3] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Pushkin's situation turned out to be quite similar to the destruction of monuments to Lenin known as Leninopad.[4] The phenomenon was dubbed "Pushkinopad" (Пушкінопад) by Ukrainians, a pun literally translated as "Pushkinfall", with the coinage of "-пад" being akin to English words suffixed with "fall" as in "waterfall", "snowfall", etc.

A bronze bust of Pushkin was removed from Glory Square (Ploshсha Slavy) in Kyiv. Erected in 1899, it was the oldest monument to Pushkin in the city.

The first event that became widely known was the dismantling of the monument to Pushkin in Mukachevo on April 7, 2022.[5] Monuments to the Russian poet were dismantled in Uzhhorod[6] and Ternopil on April 9.[7][8] Serhiy Nadal, mayor of Ternopil from the far-right Svoboda party, commented:

The crimes of Russians against the Ukrainian people: murder, torture of people, rape of women and children, destruction of Ukrainian cities have crossed out the entire culture of the Russian people. There is no explanation for these crimes. They leave us no choice. Everything Russian must be dismantled. Including the monument to the Russian writer.[9]

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 Pushkin was used as a Russian propaganda symbol.[1] During the Russian occupation of the Ukrainian city Kherson billboards with the image of Pushkin were seen in the streets as part of a propaganda campaign proclaiming that Russia was “here for ever”.[1] Ukrainian forces liberated the city of Kherson on 11 November 2022.[10]

In 2022 works by Russian and Soviet authors were removed from the foreign literature curriculum of Ukrainian schools, including works by Pushkin.[11]

In March 2023, the Ukrainian parliament passed the Law of Ukraine "On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy", which forbade toponymy associated with Russia.[12] On April 21, 2023, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed the law.[13]

Early June 2024 the Ukrainian NGO Decommunization.Ukraine reported that there were less than 300 Pushkin streets to be renamed in Ukraine.[14] The largest number of streets, alleys and squares named after Pushkin remained in Zaporizhzhia Oblast (57 toponyms) and Vinnytsia Oblast (38 toponyms).[14]

Timeline

  • On March 22, 2022, a resident of Ternopil painted a Pushkin monument red and wrote "stop war" on it. In Ternopil, the monument to the poet was erected in 1961. The first initiatives to demolish it appeared in 2014, after the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[15]
  • On April 7, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was demolished in Mukachevo. The very next day, the Uzhhorod City Council also decided to dismantle the monument to Alexander Pushkin[16]
  • On April 19, 2022, in Kropyvnytskyi, they proposed to remove the monument to Pushkin, which currently stands near the Pedagogical University.[18] The monument was dismantled on July 8, 2022.[19]
  • On April 26, 2022, a monument to Alexander Pushkin was torn down in the village of Pushkino in the Berehove Raion of the Zakarpattia Oblast, and meetings began to rename the village.[20]
  • On April 28, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Konotop. The head was torn off during the dismantling of the monument.[21]
  • On April 30, 2022, a Pushkin monument was destroyed in Chernihiv.[22]
  • On May 5, 2022, a memorial plaque to Pushkin was dismantled in Vinnytsia.[23]
  • On May 21, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Mykolaiv.[25]
  • On June 1, 2022, a monument to Alexander Pushkin was damaged in Nikopol.[26]
  • On June 3, 2022, the "Ukrainian People's House" society proposed to remove the bust of Pushkin from the building of the Olha Kobylyanska Drama Theater in Chernivtsi and replace it with the bust of Yurii Fedkovych. The director of the theater supported the proposal but stressed that all legal requirements and regulations had to be met before removing the bust.[27]
  • On July 26, 2022, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled in Zaporizhzhia. The bust made of forged copper stood in the city for more than 20 years and was dismantled with the permission of the mayor's office.[29]
  • On September 1, 2022, a bust of Pushkin was dismantled in Kyiv on the territory of gymnasium No. 153 (named after Pushkin).[30]
  • On October 11, 2022, unknown persons dismantled the second bust of Pushkin in front of the National Transport University in Kyiv. The co-founder of the "Decommunization Ukraine" project said that the dismantling was dedicated to Lieutenant of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Denys Antipov, alias "Buk" – a well-known public activist, teacher of the Korean language at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, who had died in May 2022 in a battle with Russian invaders.[31]
  • On November 9, 2022, a bust of Pushkin, which stood on Poetry Maidan in Kharkiv, was dismantled and sent for safekeeping. The Kharkiv City Council stated that this monument, and possibly others, should be preserved, but the residents will decide this issue in peacetime.[32][33][34] The pedestal of the monument was dismantled on June 5, 2024.[35]
  • On November 11, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Zhytomyr.[36]
  • On November 11, 2022, a monument to Pushkin in the city of Zhmerynka was dismantled.
  • On November 16, 2022, Pushkin Avenue in Dnipro was renamed Lesia Ukrainka Avenue.[37] A monument to Pushkin that stood there was dismantled on December 16, 2022.[37]
  • On November 17, 2022, a statue of Pushkin was dismantled in Chernivtsi.[38]
  • On November 20, 2022, unknown persons overthrew a bust of Pushkin in Nikopol.[39]
  • On November 21, 2022, a monument to Pushkin in Kremenchuk was dismantled.[40]
  • On November 29, 2022, a memorial plaque to Pushkin was dismantled in Mykolaiv.[41]
  • On November 29, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Ananiv.[42]
  • On December 9, 2022, the monument to Pushkin in the city of Tulchyn was dismantled.[43]
  • The monument to Pushkin in Dnipro was dismantled on December 16, 2022.[43]
  • On December 23, 2022, the second sculpture of Pushkin was dismantled in the city of Chernivtsi.[44]
  • On December 24, 2022, it was dismantled in the city of Krolevets.[45]
  • On December 27, 2022, the bust of Pushkin was dismantled from the facade of the Chernivtsi Drama Theater named after Olha Kobylianska.[46]
  • On December 29, 2022, the bust was dismantled in Polonne.[47]
  • On December 29, 2022, the second memorial plaque to Pushkin was dismantled in the city of Mykolaiv.[citation needed]
  • On December 30, 2022, a monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Kramatorsk.[48]
  • In April 2023, the Poltava City Council voted to dismantle the monument to Pushkin in this city.[49] Also in April 2023, "Pushkin Park" was renamed "Family Park" in Kramatorsk.[50]
  • On May 3, 2023, (in its second reading) the Verkhovna Rada adopted the law "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine On the Protection of Cultural Heritage" which legalized the removal of "Soviet and imperial cultural monuments" from the state register.[51]
  • On July 13, 2023, Pushkin Park in Kyiv was renamed Ivan Bahrianyi Park.[52] On 15 November 2023 the monument to Pushkin that had remained in the park was dismantled.[53]
  • On 23 October 2023 a theater in Kharkiv that was named after Pushkin dropped his mentioning in its name and was renamed to Kharkiv Academic Drama Theater.[54]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Pushkin must fall: monuments to Russia's national poet under threat in Ukraine". The Guardian. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Less than 300 Pushkin streets remain to be renamed in Ukraine". Istorychna Pravda (in Ukrainian). 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b Yermolenko, Volodymyr (25 June 2022). "From Pushkin to Putin: Russian Literature's Imperial Ideology". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  4. ^ Кокотюха, Андрій (2022-04-23). "Як Пушкін в Україні став аналогом Леніна". detector.media (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  5. ^ "У Мукачеві демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну" [The monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Mukachevo]. Ukrinform (in Ukrainian). 7 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-11.
  6. ^ Береза, Антуан (9 April 2022). "Дерусифікація триває: в Ужгороді демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну (відео)" [Derussification continues: Pushkin monument dismantled in Uzhhorod (video)]. УНІАН.
  7. ^ Свобода, Радіо (9 April 2022). "У Тернополі демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну – мер" [Pushkin monument dismantled in Ternopil - mayor]. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-04-11.
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  10. ^ "Ukraine troops enter centre of Kherson as Russians retreat in chaos". the Guardian. November 11, 2022.
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  17. ^ "У селі на Львівщині демонтують пам'ятник Пушкіну" [A monument to Pushkin is dismantled in a village in the Lviv Region]. zahid.espreso.tv. April 11, 2022.
  18. ^ "У Кропивницькому запропонували прибрати пам'ятник Пушкіну" [In Kropyvnytskyi, it was proposed to remove the monument to Pushkin]. Гречка - інформаційний портал кіровоградщини (in Ukrainian). April 19, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  19. ^ "Як у Кропивницькому бюст Пушкіну знімали (ВІДЕО)" [How a bust of Pushkin was filmed in Kropyvnytskyi (VIDEO)]. Гречка. July 9, 2022.
  20. ^ "На Закарпатті "впав" вже шостий пам'ятник Пушкіну. Еспресо.Захід" [In Transcarpathia, the sixth monument to Pushkin "fell"]. zahid.espreso.tv (in Ukrainian). April 26, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  21. ^ "Під час демонтажу відірвало голову: у Конотопі знесли пам'ятник Пушкіну (фото)" [A HEAD WAS TORN OFF DURING DISMANTLING: A MONUMENT TO PUSHKIN WAS DEMOLISHED IN KONOTOP (PHOTO)]. ТСН.ua (in Ukrainian). 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  22. ^ Chernihiv was de-Russified by Pushkin, Ukrainska Pravda (April 30, 2022) Monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was demolished in Chernihiv, Suspilne (April 21, 2022) (in Ukrainian)
  23. ^ "У ВІННИЦІ ЗНЯЛИ МЕМОРІАЛЬНУ ДОШКУ ПУШКІНУ" [A MEMORIAL PLAQUE TO PUSHKIN WAS REMOVED IN VINNYTSIA]. naparise.com. May 5, 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  24. ^ На Прикарпатті демонтували погруддя Пушкіна та комісара Руднєва
  25. ^ "У Миколаєві зусиллями невідомих зник пам'ятник Пушкіну (фото)". УНІАН (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-05-21.
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  28. ^ "Геть з класу! Зі шкільної програми вилучать більше 40 творів Пушкіна, Толстого, Булгакова та інших російських і радянських авторів". nv.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  29. ^ "У Запоріжжі демонтували пам'ятник Пушкіну" [A monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Zaporizhzhia]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 27 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  30. ^ Борзенко, Тимофій (1 September 2022). "У київській гімназії 153 імені Пушкіна знесли погруддя Пушкіна" [Pushkin's bust was demolished at the 153 Pushkin Gymnasium in Kyiv].
  31. ^ "У Києві демонтували один із пам'ятників Пушкіну, залишилося ще вісім об'єктів" [One of Pushkin's monuments dismantled in Kyiv, eight more objects left]. gordonua.com. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
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  45. ^ "Декомунізація. Україна. - А це фотопідтвердження демонтованого погруддя Пушкіну у місті Кролевець на Сумщині. Потихеньку кількість подібного окупаційного мотлоху зменшується. | Facebook". www.facebook.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-12-27.
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