Internet Explorer 7

Internet Explorer 7

Internet Explorer 7 in Windows Vista
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	October 18, 2006 (2006-10-18)
Stable release	Service Pack 2 (7.00.6002.18005) / May 26, 2009 (2009-05-26)
Engine	MSHTML
Operating system	Windows XP SP2 or later Windows Server 2003 SP1 or later
Platform	IA-32, x64 (and previously Itanium)
Included with	Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows Embedded POSReady 2009, Windows Embedded Compact 7, Windows Embedded Compact 2013
Predecessor	Internet Explorer 6 (2001)
Successor	Internet Explorer 8 (2009)
Type	Web browser Feed reader FTP client
License	Proprietary, requires Windows license
Website	technet.microsoft.com/library/mt654017.aspx

Windows Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) (codenamed Rincon) is a web browser for Windows. It was released by Microsoft on October 18, 2006, as the seventh version of Internet Explorer and the successor to Internet Explorer 6. Internet Explorer 7 is part of a long line of versions of Internet Explorer and was the first major update to the browser since 2001. It was the default browser in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 (later default was Internet Explorer 9), as well as Windows Embedded POSReady 2009 (later default was Internet Explorer 8), and can replace Internet Explorer 6 on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, but unlike version 6, this version does not support Windows 2000, Windows ME, or earlier versions of Windows. It also does not support Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or later Windows Versions.

Internet Explorer 7 requires Windows XP SP2 or Windows Server 2003 SP1 at the minimum. It is the last version of Internet Explorer to support Windows XP x64 Edition RTM and Windows Server 2003 SP1; as the following version, Internet Explorer 8, only supports Windows XP x64 Edition SP2 and Windows Server 2003 SP2. Some portions of the underlying architecture, including the rendering engine and security framework, have been improved. New features include tabbed browsing, page zooming, an integrated search box, a feed reader, better internationalization, and improved support for web standards, although it does not pass the Acid2 or Acid3 tests. Security enhancements include a phishing filter, stronger encryption on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 (256-bit from 128-bit in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003), and a "Delete browsing history" button to easily clear private data. It is also the first version of Internet Explorer which is branded and marketed under the name 'Windows', instead of 'Microsoft'. IE7 shipped as the default browser in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 and was offered as a replacement for Internet Explorer 6 for Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP. IE7 was superseded by Internet Explorer 8 in March 2009.

Support for Internet Explorer 7 ended on October 10, 2023 alongside the end of support for Windows Embedded Compact 2013. Support for Internet Explorer 7 on other Windows versions ended on January 12, 2016 when Microsoft began requiring customers to use the latest version of Internet Explorer available for each Windows version.

History

In August 2001, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 6 as an update to Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 6a, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows ME from previous Internet Explorer versions, such as Internet Explorer 5 and included it by default in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. With the release of IE6 Service Pack 1 in 2002, Microsoft announced that future upgrades to Internet Explorer would come only through future upgrades to Windows, stating that "further improvements to IE will require enhancements to the underlying OS."

On February 15, 2005 at the RSA Conference in San Francisco, Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates announced that Microsoft was planning a new version of Internet Explorer that would run on Windows XP. Both he and Dean Hachamovitch, General Manager of the Internet Explorer team, cited needed security improvements as the primary reason for the new version.

The first beta of IE7 was released on July 27, 2005 for technical testing, and a first public preview version of Internet Explorer 7 (Beta 2 preview: Pre-Beta 2 version) was released on January 31, 2006.

The final public version was released on October 18, 2006. On the same day, Yahoo! provided a post-beta version of Internet Explorer 7 bundled with Yahoo! Toolbar and other Yahoo!-specific customizations.

In late 2007 Microsoft announced that IE7 would not be included as part of Windows XP SP3, with both Internet Explorer 6 and 7 receiving updates. Most PC manufacturers, however, have pre-installed Internet Explorer 7 (as well as 8) on new XP PC's, especially netbooks.

On October 8, 2007, Microsoft removed the Windows Genuine Advantage component of IE7, allowing it to be downloaded and installed by those without a genuine copy of Windows.

Within a year after IE7's release (end of 2006 to end of 2007) support calls to Microsoft had decreased 10-20%.

On December 16, 2008, a security flaw was found in Internet Explorer 7 which can be exploited so that crackers can steal users' passwords. The following day, a patch was issued to fix the flaw, estimated to have affected around 10,000 websites.

As of May 2012, estimates of IE7's global market share were 1.5-5%.

Release history

Internet Explorer Desktop Market Share
— October 2023 via Net Applications
Internet Explorer 8	0.01%
Internet Explorer 9	0.01%
Internet Explorer 11	0.06%
All variants	0.08%
^ Includes Maxthon, Tencent Traveler, and other Internet Explorer shells ^ This is the last update from NetMarketShare, as it will be retired in its current form. Microsoft Edge excluded from the list. Other sources show lower numbers.
v t e

• On January 31, 2006, Microsoft released a public preview build (Beta 2 preview: Pre-Beta 2 version) of Internet Explorer 7 for Windows XP Service Pack 2 (not for Windows Server 2003 SP1) on their web site. It stated that more public preview builds (possibly Beta 2 in April) of Internet Explorer 7 will be released in first half of 2006, and final version will be released in second half of 2006. The pre beta build was refreshed on March 20, 2006 to build 7.0.5335.5. A real Beta 2 Build was released on April 24, 2006 to build 7.0.5346.5. In addition, at the MIX'06 conference, Bill Gates said that Microsoft is already working on the next two versions of IE after version 7.
• On June 29, 2006, Microsoft released Beta 3 (Build 7.0.5450.4) of Internet Explorer 7 for Windows XP SP2, Windows XP x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003 SP1. It features minor UI cleanups, re-ordering of tabs by drag and drop, as well as noticeable performance improvements.
• On August 24, 2006, the Release Candidate 1 (RC1) of Internet Explorer 7 (Build 7.0.5700.6) was released for Windows XP SP2, Windows XP x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003 SP1. This was the last pre-release version of IE7 before the final release.
• On September 28, 2006, 3Sharp, a privately held technical services firm, published the results of a study, commissioned by Microsoft, evaluating eight anti-phishing solutions in which Internet Explorer 7 (Beta 3) came out on top. The study evaluated the ability to block phish, to warn about phish, and to allow good sites.
• On October 18, 2006, the first finished version was released on microsoft.com, and was distributed as a high-priority update via Automatic Updates (AU) on November 1. AU notifies users when IE7 is ready to install and shows a welcome screen that presents key features and choices to "Install", "Don't Install", or "Ask Me Later".
• On November 8, 2006, a version of Internet Explorer 7 was released for Windows Vista only (7.0.6000.16386).
• On November 11, 2006, another version for Windows XP was made available (7.0.5730.11IC).
• On September 24, 2007, Windows Server 2008 RC0 was released with version 7.0.6001.16659.
• On October 4, 2007, the latest version for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 (7.0.5730.13) was made available.
• On February 4, 2008, a version of Internet Explorer 7 was released for Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008 only (7.0.6001.18000).
• On May 26, 2009, the latest version for Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 (7.0.6002.18005) was made available.

Version	Release date	Significant changes	Shipped with
7.0 Beta 1	July 27, 2005	Support of PNG alpha channel. CSS bug fixes. Tabbed browsing.	Windows Vista Beta 1
7.0 Beta 2 Preview	January 31, 2006	More CSS fixes. RSS platform integration. New UI. Quick Tabs.
7.0 Beta 2	April 24, 2006	Feature complete. More CSS fixes. Application compatibility fixes.
7.0 Beta 3	June 29, 2006	Fixes most rendering issues for CSS.
7.0 RC 1	August 24, 2006	Improvements in performance, stability, security, application compatibility and final CSS adjustments.
7.0	October 18, 2006	Final release.	Windows Vista
7.0 SP1	February 4, 2008	Vulnerability patch.	Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008
7.0 SP2	May 26, 2009	Latest updates included with Vista SP2 and Server 2008 SP2.	Windows Vista SP2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2

Features

IE7 Nears its Peak Market Share in 2008 — NetApplications.com, September 2008
Internet Explorer 4	0.01%
Internet Explorer 5	0.06%
Internet Explorer 5.5	0.06%
Internet Explorer 6	24.67%
Internet Explorer 7	46.35%
Internet Explorer 8	0.37%
All versions	71.52%
Internet Explorer versions: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

With this version, Internet Explorer was renamed from Microsoft Internet Explorer to Windows Internet Explorer as part of Microsoft's rebranding of components that are included with Windows.

Internet Explorer 7 introduces the Windows RSS Platform with which it is tightly integrated and can subscribe to RSS and Atom feeds, synchronize and update them on a schedule and display them with its built-in style sheet.

Version 7 is intended to defend users from phishing as well as deceptive or malicious software, and it also features full user control of ActiveX and better security framework, including not being integrated as much with Windows as previous versions, thereby increasing security. Unlike previous versions, the Internet Explorer ActiveX control is not hosted in the Windows Explorer process, but rather it runs in its own process. It also includes bug fixes, enhancements to its support for web standards, tabbed browsing with tab preview and management, a multiple-engine search box, a web feeds reader, Internationalized Domain Name support (IDN), and antiphishing filter. On October 5, 2007, Microsoft removed the 'genuine software' validation before install, which means that all versions of Windows, whether able to pass validation or not, are able to install the browser. The integrated search box supports OpenSearch.

On Windows Vista, Internet Explorer operates in a special "Protected Mode", that runs the browser in a security sandbox that has no WRITE access to the rest of the operating system or file system. When running in Protected Mode, IE7 is a low integrity process; it cannot gain write access to files and registry keys outside of the low-integrity portions of a user's profile. This feature aims to mitigate problems whereby newly discovered flaws in the browser (or in Add-Ons hosted inside it) allowed crackers to subversively install software on the user's computer (typically spyware).

Usability and accessibility

Quick Tabs Favorites Center in Favorites view, Feeds view and History view Browsing to a site which IE deems to be a phishing site is blocked by default. The user has to make an explicit choice before continuing.

• Version 7 tabs. The user can rearrange tabs by dragging and dropping them as desired.

Privacy and security

• Since it is tightly integrated with the operating system, Internet Explorer makes full use of the accessibility framework provided in Windows. Internet Explorer is also a user interface for FTP, with operations similar to that of Windows Explorer. However, with version 7, FTP sites are rendered in a hyper linked page, with the folder-like view available if the site is accessed from Windows Explorer. IE7 can itself launch Windows Explorer for FTP sites.
• Protected Mode (available in Windows Vista only), whereby the browser runs in a sandbox with even lower rights than a limited user account. As such, it can only write to the Temporary Internet Files folder and cannot install start-up programs or change any configuration of the operating system without communicating through a broker process. IE7 Protected Mode relies on the User Account Control technology.
• ActiveX Opt-In blocks ActiveX Control unless it allowed to be installed. This feature improves security from unverifiable and vulnerable controls. ActiveX controls can be chosen to be installed on Information Bar. User can turn on and off ActiveX Control by using Add-on Manager.
• The new Phishing Filter offers protection against phishing scams and other websites that may be considered dangerous for a user to enter their personal information into. When enabled, every website the user visits is checked against a master list of known phishing sites. If a site is listed, the user is informed. In light of the privacy implications of this feature, it is not enabled automatically; the user is asked when they start Internet Explorer 7 if they want it enabled. Microsoft is working in conjunction with companies that specialize in identifying phishing schemes to ensure the list of known sites is accurate and quickly updated.
• The address bar and status bar appear in all windows including popups which helps to block malicious sites from disguising them as trusted sites. Also the address bar features a color code to visually indicate the trustworthiness of the page. The address bar turns red when a page, with invalid security certificate, is accessed. In case of sites not using any encryption, the address bar is white. And if the page uses high security certificate, the bar turns green.
• Modal windows such as dialog boxes are shown only when the tab that has generated them is selected (in such situations, the tab color becomes orange). On the other hand, the save window is modal and when saving the page shown in a tab, the user cannot browse other tabs.
• The address bar no longer allows JavaScript to be executed on blank pages (about:blank). This feature is still supported on other pages though, which enables bookmarklets to work properly. A reason for the change has not been given.
• The status bar no longer allows custom text to be entered (e.g.: "Formatting C:\ 10% Complete |||||||") and will always show the URL of any link hovered over, for security. It now also shows the target URL of form buttons to help identify forms which submit their data to suspicious sites.
• The ability to limit scripting functions, such as those that modify the status bar or adjust the size or position of the browser window was introduced with IE7.
• "Delete Browsing History" cleans the complete browsing history in a single step. Previously this was a multistage process requiring users to delete browser cache, history, cookies, saved form data and passwords in a series of different steps. This is useful for improving privacy and security in a multiuser environment, such as an Internet café.
• Fix My Settings checks at startup or when a setting is changed, if the current settings are unsafe it notifies the user. The user can also press a button in order to fix the settings to a safe state. There is currently no way to disable these warnings.
• Old protocols and technologies removed: Gopher, TELNET, Scriptlets, DirectAnimation, Channels (.CDF files) also known as 'Active Desktop Items', etc. The DHTML Editing Control is being removed from IE7 for Windows Vista to reduce surface area for security attacks.
• No Add-ons allows IE7 to launch without the installed extensions.
• IE7 cipher strength: 256-bit (Only for Vista and Server 2008, IE7 for XP and Server 2003 only supports 128-bit)

Sites presenting EV Certificates are trusted

• The address bar turns red when the certificate presented by a secure site has some problems. In that case navigation to the site is blocked by default, and can only be accessed after the user explicitly confirms the navigation.
• IE7 includes support for Extended Validation Certificates (EV). When sites present an EV certificate the address bar is shown in green.
• New Group Policy's Administrative Templates (.adm files) for IE7 are loaded automatically onto the Domain Controller when a Group Policy is opened from a workstation where IE7 has been installed. These new administrative templates allow for controlling the Anti-Phishing filter state, for example.
• Reset Internet Explorer settings Deletes all temporary files, disables browser add-ons, and resets all the changed settings to factory settings. It can be used if the browser is in an unusable state.

Microsoft has addressed security issues in two distinct ways within Windows Vista: User Account Control, which forces a user to confirm any action that could affect the stability or security of the system even when logged in as an administrator, and "Protected-mode IE", which runs the web browser process with much lower permissions than the user.

The first vulnerability exclusive to Internet Explorer 7 was posted after 6 days.

Internet Explorer 7 is a component of Windows Embedded Compact 7 and Windows Embedded Compact 2013 and follows the same lifecycle, thus it will continue to be supported until October 10, 2023.

Phishing filter

Some users have criticised the phishing filter for being too easy to circumvent. One successful method of bypassing Internet Explorer's Phishing Filter has been reported by redirecting a blacklisted web page to another, non-blacklisted page, using a server-side redirect. Until the new page is blocked as well, the attack can remain active.

This flaw means that phishers can keep links from previous emails functioning by simply moving to a new server when their original web page is blacklisted and adding a redirect.

This has been criticised as doubly serious as the presence of a phishing filter may lull users into a false sense of security when the filter can be bypassed.

Phishing filter went on to be developed into and renamed Safety Filter and then SmartScreen by Microsoft, during the development of Internet Explorer 8.

Standards support

Internet Explorer 7 adds support for per-pixel alpha transparency in PNG, as well as minor improvements to HTML, CSS and DOM support. Microsoft's stated goal with version 7 was to fix the most significant bugs and areas which caused the most trouble for developers, however full compatibility with standards was postponed.

Internet Explorer 7 additionally features an update to the WinInet API. The new version has better support for IPv6, and handles hexadecimal literals in the IPv6 address. It also includes better support for Gzip and deflate compression, so that communication with a web server can be compressed and thus will require less data to be transferred. Internet Explorer Protected Mode support in WinInet is exclusive to Windows Vista.

Although Internet Explorer 7 is more compliant than previous versions, according to all figures it remains the least standards-compliant compared to other major browsers of the period. It does not pass the Acid2 or the Acid3 tests, two test cases designed by the Web Standards Project to verify CSS compliance.

In a 2008 MSNBC article, Tim Berners-Lee said that lack of support in Internet Explorer was responsible for holding back the widespread adoption by webmasters of several new open technology standards, specifically scalable vector graphics (SVG), supported elsewhere since 2001, but only available in Internet Explorer using a 3rd party plugin (until the release of Internet Explorer 9).

System requirements

IE7 requires at least:

• 233 MHz processor.
• Windows XP SP2.
• Windows Server 2003 SP1.
• Super VGA (800 × 600) monitor with 256 colors.
• Mouse or compatible pointing device.
• RAM (for the browser alone): 64 MB for 32-bit Windows XP/Server 2003, 128 MB for 64-bit Windows XP/Server 2003.

References

1. ^ Lyndersay, Sean (February 9, 2007). "On names and codenames..." Bit-cycling. Microsoft.
2. ^ "Product Lifecycle - Internet Explorer 7". Microsoft. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
3. ^ Hansen, Evan. "Microsoft to abandon standalone IE". CNET. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
4. ^ "Gates Highlights Progress on Security, Outlines Next Steps for Continued Innovation" (Press release). Microsoft. May 12, 2005. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
5. ^ Hachamovitch, Dean (February 15, 2005). "IE7". IEBlog. Microsoft. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
6. ^ Hachamovitch, Dean (July 27, 2005). "Windows Vista & IE7 Beta 1 Available". IEBlog at Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
7. ^ Graff, Scott (October 6, 2006). "IE7 Is Coming This Month...Are you Ready?". IEBlog at Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
8. ^ "No, Internet Explorer 7 Will Not(!) Be a Part of Windows XP SP3". News.softpedia.com. December 14, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
9. ^ CDRInfo.COM Team (October 8, 2007). "IE7 opens to pirated Windows". Cdrinfo.com. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
10. ^ Chor, Tony (November 30, 2007). "The First Year of IE7". IEBlog. Microsoft. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
11. ^ "Serious security flaw found in IE". BBC News. December 16, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
12. ^ "Microsoft releases fix for IE". BBC News. December 17, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
13. ^ "Global Web Stats". W3Counter. May 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
14. ^ "StatCounter Global Stats". StatCounter. May 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
15. ^ "Browser Version Market Share". Net Applications. January 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
16. ^ "Browser Version Market Share". Net Applications. October 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
17. ^ https://gs.statcounter.com/#desktop-browser_version-ww-monthly-202310-202310-bar
18. ^ "Internet Explorer 7 downloads". Microsoft.com. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
19. ^ "Gates looks to expand view beyond Windows - CNET News". news.cnet.com. March 20, 2006. Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
20. ^ "Anti-Phishing Accuracy Study". IEBlog. Microsoft. September 28, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
21. ^ Robichaux, Paul (September 28, 2006). "3Sharp Study finds Internet Explorer 7 Edges Out Netcraft As Most Accurate for Anti-Phishing Protection". Business Wire. 3Sharp LLC. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
22. ^ a b Microsoft Knowledge Base with version listing, January 19, 2007
23. ^ "Browser Version Market Share". NetApplications.com. September 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
24. ^ "Top Browser Share Trend". NetApplications.com. September 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
25. ^ Article regarding Internet Explorer 7's integration into windows Archived June 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, March 24, 2006
26. ^ "Understanding and Working in Protected Mode Internet Explorer". MSDN – Internet Explorer Development Technical Articles. Microsoft. January 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2006.
27. ^ Tony (May 26, 2006). "Introducing Internet Explorer 7". Retrieved November 30, 2006.
28. ^ Phishing Filter in IE7, IEBlog
29. ^ New enhancements to Phishing Filter protection for IE, IEBlog
30. ^ B. Ashok (June 27, 2006). "A Note about the DHTML Editing Control in IE7 for Windows Vista". IEBlog. MSDN Blogs. Retrieved June 27, 2006.
31. ^ "Protected Mode in Vista IE7". Internet Explorer team blog. Microsoft. February 9, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2006.
32. ^ "Internet Explorer 7 Window Injection Vulnerability". Secunia.com. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
33. ^ "Internet Explorer 7 Lifecycle Policy". Microsoft Lifecycle Support Website. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
34. ^ "Universal Phishing Filter Bypass". Alex's Corner blog. Individual entity. February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
35. ^ Nick Mediati. "Internet Explorer 8 Beta 2: Can It Outfox Firefox?".
36. ^ IE7 Transparent PNG Implementation, IEBlog
37. ^ "IE's Gzip and deflate support". Blogs.msdn.com. October 31, 2005. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
38. ^ "IE already supports Gzip and deflate". Blogs.msdn.com. June 6, 2005. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
39. ^ Web browser standards support summary. Web Devout.
40. ^ Svensson, Peter (September 10, 2008). "Creator of Web spots a flaw in Internet Explorer". NBC News. Retrieved November 16, 2008.
41. ^ "SVG in IE9 Roadmap - IEBlog".
42. ^ "Internet Explorer: System Requirements". Microsoft. Retrieved October 12, 2009.

External links

• Internet Explorer: Home Page
• IEBlog — The weblog of the Internet Explorer team
• Internet Explorer Community — The official Windows Internet Explorer Community
• Internet Explorer Tips
• Serious security flaw found in IE
• "Microsoft Windows Family Home Page". Windows History: Internet Explorer History. Archived from the original on October 2, 2003. Retrieved May 12, 2005.
• "IEBlog". Standards and CSS in IE. Retrieved July 29, 2005.
• "IEBlog". IE7 Platforms And Outlook Express. Retrieved May 12, 2005.

v t e Internet Explorer
Versions	Main 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Other Mobile for Mac for UNIX IEs4Linux
Overview	History Add-ons Box model Browser Helper Object (BHO) Extensions Removal Shells
Technologies	Accelerator ActiveX HTML HTA HTML Components favicon.ico HTML+TIME Index.dat JScript MHTML MSXML RSS Platform Smart tags Temporary Internet Files Vector Markup Language Web Slice WPAD XHR/XDomainRequest
Software and engines	Administration Kit Developer Tools Integrated Windows Authentication Tasman MSHTML Chakra
Implementations	Active Channel Active Desktop ActiveMovie Channel Definition Format (.cdf) Comic Chat/Chat 2.0 DirectX Media Internet Mail and News Microsoft Java Virtual Machine (MSJVM) MSN Explorer MSN for Mac OS X NetMeeting NetShow Outlook Express Server Gated Cryptography (SGC) Spyglass Windows Address Book Windows Desktop Update
Events	First Browser War Second Browser War Download.ject Eolas v. Microsoft Sun v. Microsoft United States v. Microsoft Corp.
People	Tantek Çelik Thomas Reardon Dean Hachamovitch Scott Isaacs Inori Aizawa
Category

v t e Timeline of web browsers
General Comparison lightweight History List for Unix Usage share
1990s 1990 WorldWideWeb (Nexus) 1991 Line Mode Browser libwww 1992 Erwise MacWWW (Samba) MidasWWW tkWWW ViolaWWW 1993 AMosaic Arena Cello Emacs/W3 Lynx 2 NCSA Mosaic VMS Mosaic 1994 AirMosaic Internet in a Box ANT Fresco Argo IBM WebExplorer SlipKnot Minuet Navipress Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator Spyglass Mosaic TCP/Connect II 1995 Agora ALynx AMSD Ariadna Cyberjack eWorld Web Browser Grail Internet Explorer 1 Internet Explorer 2 Netscape Navigator 2 NetShark OmniWeb HotJava UdiWWW WebShark w3m 1996 Cyberdog Arachne AWeb IBrowse Amaya Internet Explorer 3 Netscape Navigator 3 Opera 2 Oracle PowerBrowser tcpCONNECT4 Voyager 1997 Netscape Communicator Internet Explorer 4 Opera 2.1 1998 NeoPlanet Mozilla Application Suite Opera 3–3.21 1999 iCab Internet Explorer 5 OmniWeb 3 Opera 3.5–3.62
2000s 2000 Beonex Communicator Galeon K-Meleon MediaBrowser Netscape 6 Opera 4–4.02 2001 iCab 2.5 Internet Explorer 6 OmniWeb 4 Opera 5–5.12 2002 Camino Epiphany Netscape 7 Opera 6–6.1 2003 GreenBrowser Maxthon Opera 7–7.3 Safari SlimBrowser 2004 Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox Opera 7.5–7.55 2005 AOL Explorer Deepnet Explorer Firefox 1.5 Netscape Browser Opera 8–8.54 Safari 2 2006 Firefox 2 Internet Explorer 7 Opera 9–9.27 2007 Maxthon 2 Opera 9.5–9.64 Safari 3 SeaMonkey 1.1 2008 Chrome Firefox 3 Netscape Navigator 9 NetSurf 1.2 2009 Chrome 2–3 Firefox 3.5 Internet Explorer 8 Opera 10–10.63 Pale Moon Safari 4 SeaMonkey 2.0
2010s 2010 Chrome 4–8 Firefox 3.6 Lunascape 6.0.1 Maxthon 3 NetSurf 2.5 Opera 11–11.64 Safari 5 2011 Chrome 9–16 Firefox 4–9 Internet Explorer 9 Lunascape 6.5 Opera 12–12.17 SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4 Waterfox 2012 Chrome 17–23 Firefox 10–17 Internet Explorer 10 Lunascape 6.7 Maxthon 3.4 NetSurf 2.9 Safari 6 Yandex Browser 2013 Chrome 24–31 Firefox 18–26 Internet Explorer 11 Opera 15–18 Safari 7 SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22 2014 Chrome 32–39 Firefox 27–34 Lunascape 6.9 NetSurf 3.1 Opera 19–26 Safari 8 SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31 2015 Chrome 40–47 Firefox 35–43 Lunascape 6.10–6.12 Microsoft Edge 20, 25 Opera 27–34 Safari 9 SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39 Vivaldi Technical Preview 1–Beta 2 2016 Brave 0.7–0.12 Chrome 48–55 Firefox 44–50 Lunascape 6.13–6.15 Microsoft Edge 38 Opera 35–42 Safari 10 Vivaldi Beta 3–1.6 Yandex 15.12–16.9 2017 Brave 0.13–0.19 Chrome 56–63 Firefox 51–57 Microsoft Edge 40, 41 Opera 43–49 Safari 11 SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49 Vivaldi 1.7–1.13 2018 Basilisk Brave 0.20–0.60 Chrome 64–71 Firefox 58–64 Microsoft Edge 42–44 Opera 50–57 Safari 12 Vivaldi 1.14–2.2 Waterfox 56.0–56.2 Yandex 17.9–18.10 2019 Brave 0.61–1.1 Chrome 72–79 Firefox 65–71 Microsoft Edge 44 Opera 58–65 Safari 13 Vivaldi 2.3–2.10 Waterfox 60.1–68.0a2 Whale 1.4–1.5 Yandex 18.11–19.12
2020s 2020 Brave 1.2–1.18 Chrome 80–87 Firefox 72–84 Microsoft Edge 79–87 Opera 66–73 SeaMonkey 2.53 Vivaldi 2.11–3.5 Safari 14 2021 Brave 1.19–1.33 Chrome 88–96 Firefox 85–95 Microsoft Edge 88–96 Opera 74–82 SeaMonkey 2.53.10.2 Vivaldi 3.6–5.0 Yandex 20.11.5–21.3 Safari 15 2022 Arc 0.46–0.81 Brave 1.34–1.46 Chrome 97–108 Firefox 96–108 Microsoft Edge 97–108 Opera 83–94 Vivaldi 5.1–5.6 Yandex 22.1–22.11 Safari 16 2023 Arc 0.85–1.21 Brave 1.47–1.61 Chrome 109–120 Firefox 109–121 Microsoft Edge 109–120 Opera 95–106 Vivaldi 5.7–6.5 Yandex 23.1–23.11 Safari 17 2024 Arc 1.25– Brave 1.62– Chrome 121– Firefox 122– Microsoft Edge 121– Opera 107– Vivaldi 6.6– Yandex 24.1–
3D Markup Language for Web ALIWEB ARPANET ASCII BITNET Browser wars CompuServe Elm Email File Transfer Protocol Gopher HTML HyperCard HyTelnet NCSA Telnet NLS Prodigy Teletext Telnet Usenet UUCP Videotex Viewdata Virtual Reality Markup Language Web page Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog World Wide Web X.25

Authority control databases: National	Czech Republic