Isotopes of gold

Isotopes of gold (₇₉Au)
β−	196Hg
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Au)
	196.966570±0.000004; 196.97±0.01 (abridged);
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Gold (₇₉Au) has one stable isotope, ¹⁹⁷Au, and 40 radioisotopes, with ¹⁹⁵Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element. Bismuth formerly held that distinction until alpha-decay of the ²⁰⁹Bi isotope was observed. All isotopes of gold are either radioactive or, in the case of ¹⁹⁷Au, observationally stable, meaning that ¹⁹⁷Au is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.^[4]

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[5] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
¹⁷⁰Au^[6]	79	91	169.99602(22)#	286+50 −40 μs	p (89%)	¹⁶⁹Pt	(2)−
¹⁷⁰Au^[6]	79	91	169.99602(22)#	286+50 −40 μs	α (11%)	¹⁶⁶Ir	(2)−
^170mAu^[6]	282(10) keV			617+50 −40 μs	p (58%)	¹⁶⁹Pt	(9)+
^170mAu^[6]	282(10) keV			617+50 −40 μs	α (42%)	^166mIr	(9)+
¹⁷¹Au^[6]	79	92	170.991882(22)	22+3 −2 μs	p	¹⁷⁰Pt	1/2+
¹⁷¹Au^[6]	79	92	170.991882(22)	22+3 −2 μs	α?	¹⁶⁷Ir	1/2+
^171mAu^[6]	258(13) keV			1.09(3) ms	α (66%)	^167mIr	11/2−
^171mAu^[6]	258(13) keV			1.09(3) ms	p (34%)	¹⁷⁰Pt	11/2−
¹⁷²Au	79	93	171.99000(6)	28(4) ms	α (98%)	¹⁶⁸Ir	(2)−
					p (2%)	¹⁷¹Pt
					β⁺	¹⁷²Pt
^172mAu^{[n 9]}	160(250) keV			11.0(10) ms	α	¹⁶⁸Ir	(9,10)+
^172mAu^{[n 9]}	160(250) keV			11.0(10) ms	p?	¹⁷¹Pt	(9,10)+
¹⁷³Au	79	94	172.986224(24)	25.5(8) ms	α (86%)	¹⁶⁹Ir	(1/2+)
¹⁷³Au	79	94	172.986224(24)	25.5(8) ms	β⁺ (14%)	¹⁷³Pt	(1/2+)
^173mAu	214(21) keV			12.2(1) ms	α (89%)	¹⁶⁹Ir	(11/2−)
^173mAu	214(21) keV			12.2(1) ms	β⁺ (11%)	¹⁷³Pt	(11/2−)
¹⁷⁴Au	79	95	173.98491(11)#	139(3) ms	α (90%)	¹⁷⁰Ir	(3−)
¹⁷⁴Au	79	95	173.98491(11)#	139(3) ms	β⁺ (10%)	¹⁷⁴Pt	(3−)
^174mAu	130(50)# keV			162(2) ms	α?	¹⁷⁰Ir	(9+)
^174mAu	130(50)# keV			162(2) ms	β⁺?	¹⁷⁴Pt	(9+)
¹⁷⁵Au	79	96	174.98132(4)	200(3) ms	α (88%)	¹⁷¹Ir	1/2+
¹⁷⁵Au	79	96	174.98132(4)	200(3) ms	β⁺ (12%)	¹⁷⁵Pt	1/2+
^175mAu	164(11)# keV			136(1) ms	α (75%)	¹⁷¹Ir	(11/2−)
^175mAu	164(11)# keV			136(1) ms	β⁺ (25%)	¹⁷⁵Pt	(11/2−)
¹⁷⁶Au	79	97	175.98012(4)	1.05(1) s	α (75%)	¹⁷²Ir	(3−,4−)
¹⁷⁶Au	79	97	175.98012(4)	1.05(1) s	β⁺ (25%)	¹⁷⁶Pt	(3−,4−)
^176mAu^{[n 9]}	139(13) keV			1.36(2) s	α?	¹⁷²Ir	(8+,9+)
^176mAu^{[n 9]}	139(13) keV			1.36(2) s	β⁺?	¹⁷⁶Pt	(8+,9+)
¹⁷⁷Au	79	98	176.976870(11)	1.501(20) s	β⁺ (60%)	¹⁷⁷Pt	1/2+
¹⁷⁷Au	79	98	176.976870(11)	1.501(20) s	α (40%)	¹⁷³Ir	1/2+
^177mAu	190(7) keV			1.193(13) s	α (60%)	¹⁷³Ir	11/2−
^177mAu	190(7) keV			1.193(13) s	β⁺ (40%)	¹⁷⁷Pt	11/2−
¹⁷⁸Au	79	99	177.976057(11)	3.4(5) s	β⁺ (84%)	¹⁷⁸Pt	(2+,3−)
¹⁷⁸Au	79	99	177.976057(11)	3.4(5) s	α (16%)	¹⁷⁴Ir	(2+,3−)
^178m1Au	50.3(2) keV			300(10) ns	IT	¹⁷⁸Au	(4−,5+)
^178m2Au	186(14) keV			2.7(5) s	β⁺ (82%)	¹⁷⁸Pt	(7+,8−)
^178m2Au	186(14) keV			2.7(5) s	α (18%)	¹⁷⁴Ir	(7+,8−)
^178m3Au	243(14) keV			390(10) ns	IT	¹⁷⁸Au	(5+,6)
¹⁷⁹Au	79	100	178.973174(13)	7.1(3) s	β⁺ (78.0%)	¹⁷⁹Pt	1/2+
¹⁷⁹Au	79	100	178.973174(13)	7.1(3) s	α (22.0%)	¹⁷⁵Ir	1/2+
^179mAu	89.5(3) keV			327(5) ns	IT	¹⁷⁹Au	(3/2−)
¹⁸⁰Au	79	101	179.9724898(51)	7.9(3) s	β⁺ (99.42%)	¹⁸⁰Pt	(1+)
¹⁸⁰Au	79	101	179.9724898(51)	7.9(3) s	α (0.58%)	¹⁷⁶Ir	(1+)
¹⁸¹Au	79	102	180.970079(21)	13.7(14) s	β⁺ (97.3%)	¹⁸¹Pt	(5/2−)
¹⁸¹Au	79	102	180.970079(21)	13.7(14) s	α (2.7%)	¹⁷⁷Ir	(5/2−)
¹⁸²Au	79	103	181.969614(20)	15.5(4) s	β⁺ (99.87%)	¹⁸²Pt	(2+)
¹⁸²Au	79	103	181.969614(20)	15.5(4) s	α (0.13%)	¹⁷⁸Ir	(2+)
¹⁸³Au	79	104	182.967588(10)	42.8(10) s	β⁺ (99.45%)	¹⁸³Pt	5/2−
¹⁸³Au	79	104	182.967588(10)	42.8(10) s	α (0.55%)	¹⁷⁹Ir	5/2−
^183mAu	73.10(1) keV			>1 μs	IT	¹⁸³Au	(1/2)+
¹⁸⁴Au	79	105	183.967452(24)	20.6(9) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁸⁴Pt	5+
¹⁸⁴Au	79	105	183.967452(24)	20.6(9) s	α (0.013%)	¹⁸⁰Ir	5+
^184mAu	68.46(4) keV			47.6(14) s	β⁺ (70%)	¹⁸⁴Pt	2+
					IT (30%)	¹⁸⁴Au
					α (0.013%)	¹⁸⁰Ir
¹⁸⁵Au	79	106	184.9657989(28)	4.25(6) min	β⁺ (99.74%)	¹⁸⁵Pt	5/2−
¹⁸⁵Au	79	106	184.9657989(28)	4.25(6) min	α (0.26%)	¹⁸¹Ir	5/2−
^185mAu^{[n 9]}	50(50)# keV			6.8(3) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁵Pt	1/2+#
^185mAu^{[n 9]}	50(50)# keV			6.8(3) min	IT?	¹⁸⁵Au	1/2+#
¹⁸⁶Au	79	107	185.965953(23)	10.7(5) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁶Pt	3−
¹⁸⁶Au	79	107	185.965953(23)	10.7(5) min	α (8×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸²Ir	3−
^186mAu	227.77(7) keV			110(10) ns	IT	¹⁸⁶Au	2+
¹⁸⁷Au	79	108	186.964542(24)	8.3(2) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁷Pt	1/2+
¹⁸⁷Au	79	108	186.964542(24)	8.3(2) min	α?	¹⁸³Ir	1/2+
^187mAu	120.33(14) keV			2.3(1) s	IT	¹⁸⁷Au	9/2−
¹⁸⁸Au	79	109	187.9652480(29)	8.84(6) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁸Pt	1−
¹⁸⁹Au	79	110	188.963948(22)	28.7(4) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁹Pt	1/2+
¹⁸⁹Au	79	110	188.963948(22)	28.7(4) min	α? (<3×10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸⁵Ir	1/2+
^189m1Au	247.25(16) keV			4.59(11) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁹Pt	11/2−
^189m1Au	247.25(16) keV			4.59(11) min	IT?	¹⁸⁹Au	11/2−
^189m2Au	325.12(16) keV			190(15) ns	IT	¹⁸⁹Au	9/2−
^189m3Au	2554.8(8) keV			242(10) ns	IT	¹⁸⁹Au	31/2+
¹⁹⁰Au	79	111	189.964752(4)	42.8(10) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁰Pt	1−
¹⁹⁰Au	79	111	189.964752(4)	42.8(10) min	α? (<10⁻⁶%)	¹⁸⁶Ir	1−
^190mAu^{[n 9]}	200(150)# keV			125(20) ms	IT	¹⁹⁰Au	11−#
^190mAu^{[n 9]}	200(150)# keV			125(20) ms	β⁺?	¹⁹⁰Pt	11−#
¹⁹¹Au	79	112	190.963716(5)	3.18(8) h	β⁺	¹⁹¹Pt	3/2+
^191m1Au	266.2(7) keV			920(110) ms	IT	¹⁹¹Au	11/2−
^191m2Au	2489.6(9) keV			402(20) ns	IT	¹⁹¹Au	31/2+
¹⁹²Au	79	113	191.964818(17)	4.94(9) h	β⁺	¹⁹²Pt	1−
^192m1Au	135.41(25) keV			29 ms	IT	¹⁹²Au	5+
^192m2Au	431.6(5) keV			160(20) ms	IT	¹⁹²Au	11−
¹⁹³Au	79	114	192.964138(9)	17.65(15) h	β⁺^{[n 10]}	¹⁹³Pt	3/2+
^193m1Au	290.20(4) keV			3.9(3) s	IT (99.97%)	¹⁹³Au	11/2−
^193m1Au	290.20(4) keV			3.9(3) s	β⁺ (0.03%)	¹⁹³Pt	11/2−
^193m2Au	2486.7(6) keV			150(50) ns	IT	¹⁹³Au	31/2+
¹⁹⁴Au	79	115	193.9654191(23)	38.02(10) h	β⁺	¹⁹⁴Pt	1−
^194m1Au	107.4(5) keV			600(8) ms	IT	¹⁹⁴Au	5+
^194m2Au	475.8(6) keV			420(10) ms	IT	¹⁹⁴Au	11−
¹⁹⁵Au	79	116	194.9650378(12)	186.01(6) d	EC	¹⁹⁵Pt	3/2+
^195m1Au	318.58(4) keV			30.5(2) s	IT	¹⁹⁵Au	11/2−
^195m2Au	2501(20)# keV			12.89(21) μs	IT	¹⁹⁵Au	31/2(−)
¹⁹⁶Au	79	117	195.966571(3)	6.165(11) d	β⁺ (93.0%)	¹⁹⁶Pt	2−
¹⁹⁶Au	79	117	195.966571(3)	6.165(11) d	β⁻ (7.0%)	¹⁹⁶Hg	2−
^196m1Au	84.656(20) keV			8.1(2) s	IT	¹⁹⁶Au	5+
^196m2Au	595.66(4) keV			9.603(22) h	IT	¹⁹⁶Au	12−
¹⁹⁷Au^{[n 11]}	79	118	196.9665701(6)	Observationally Stable^{[n 12]}			3/2+	1.0000
^197m1Au	409.15(8) keV			7.73(6) s	IT	¹⁹⁷Au	11/2−
^197m2Au	2532.5(10) keV			150(5) ns	IT	¹⁹⁷Au	27/2+#
¹⁹⁸Au	79	119	197.9682437(6)	2.69464(14) d	β⁻	¹⁹⁸Hg	2−
^198m1Au	312.2227(20) keV			124(4) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Au	5+
^198m2Au	811.9(15) keV			2.272(16) d	IT	¹⁹⁸Au	12−
¹⁹⁹Au	79	120	198.9687666(6)	3.139(7) d	β⁻	¹⁹⁹Hg	3/2+
^199mAu	548.9405(21) keV			440(30) μs	IT	¹⁹⁹Au	11/2−
²⁰⁰Au	79	121	199.970757(29)	48.4(3) min	β⁻	²⁰⁰Hg	(1−)
^200mAu	1010(40) keV			18.7(5) h	β⁻ (84%)	²⁰⁰Hg	12−
^200mAu	1010(40) keV			18.7(5) h	IT (16%)	²⁰⁰Au	12−
²⁰¹Au	79	122	200.971658(3)	26.0(8) min	β⁻	²⁰¹Hg	3/2+
^201m1Au	594(5) keV			730(630) μs	IT	²⁰¹Au	11/2-
^201m2Au	1610(5) keV			5.6(24) μs	IT	²⁰¹Au	19/2+#
²⁰²Au	79	123	201.973856(25)	28.4(12) s	β⁻	²⁰²Hg	(1−)
²⁰³Au	79	124	202.9751545(33)	60(6) s	β⁻	²⁰³Hg	3/2+
^203mAu	641(3) keV			140(44) μs	IT	²⁰³Au	11/2−#
²⁰⁴Au	79	125	203.97811(22)#	38.3(13) s	β⁻	²⁰⁴Hg	(2−)
^204mAu	3816(500)# keV			2.1(3) μs	IT	²⁰⁴Au	16+#
²⁰⁵Au	79	126	204.98006(22)#	32.0(14) s	β⁻	²⁰⁵Hg	3/2+#
^205m1Au	907(5) keV			6(2) s	IT?	²⁰⁵Au	11/2−#
^205m1Au	907(5) keV			6(2) s	β⁻?	²⁰⁵Hg	11/2−#
^205m2Au	2849.7(4) keV			163(5) ns	IT	²⁰⁵Au	19/2+#
²⁰⁶Au	79	127	205.98477(32)#	47(11) s	β⁻	²⁰⁶Hg	6+#
²⁰⁷Au	79	128	206.98858(32)#	3# s	β⁻?	²⁰⁷Hg	3/2+#
²⁰⁷Au	79	128	206.98858(32)#	3# s	β⁻, n?	²⁰⁶Hg	3/2+#
²⁰⁸Au	79	129	207.99366(32)#	20# s	β⁻?	²⁰⁸Hg	6+#
²⁰⁸Au	79	129	207.99366(32)#	20# s	β⁻, n?	²⁰⁷Hg	6+#
²⁰⁹Au	79	130	208.99761(43)#	1# s	β⁻?	²⁰⁹Hg	3/2+#
²⁰⁹Au	79	130	208.99761(43)#	1# s	β⁻, n?	²¹⁰Hg	3/2+#
²¹⁰Au	79	131	210.00288(43)#	10# s	β⁻?	²¹⁰Hg	6+#
²¹⁰Au	79	131	210.00288(43)#	10# s	β⁻, n?	²⁰⁹Hg	6+#
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mAu – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
^ Theoretically capable of α decay to ¹⁸⁹Ir
^ Potential material for salted bombs
^ Theoretically predicted to undergo α decay to ¹⁹³Ir

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5): 054323. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

[5] Au – Excited nuclear isomer.

[7] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-8] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-9] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[10] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[11] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[12] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[13] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-15] Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[6-16] Theoretically capable of α decay to ¹⁸⁹Ir

[17] Potential material for salted bombs

[18] Theoretically predicted to undergo α decay to ¹⁹³Ir

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[bellidecay-4] Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098.

[AME2020_II-6] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[Kettunen-14] Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5): 054323. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

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