Solano | |
---|---|
Olelato | |
Region | Northeast Mexico (near Mission San Francisco Solano |
Extinct | 18th century |
Language family | unclassified (language isolate?) |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | xso |
Linguist List | xso |
Glottolog | sanf1266 |
Pre-contact distribution of Solano language |
Solano is an unclassified extinct language formerly spoken in northeast Mexico and perhaps also in the neighboring U.S. state of Texas. It is a possible language isolate.
Solano is known only from a 21-word vocabulary list that appears at the end of a 1703–1708 baptism book from the San Francisco Solano Mission, which hosted at least four different peoples, including the Xarame, Payuguan, Papanac, and Siaguan. Supposedly the language is of the Indians of this mission – perhaps the Terocodame band cluster. The Solano peoples are associated with the 18th-century missions near Eagle Pass, Texas.
The 21 known Solano words, as reproduced in Swanton (1940), are:
Solano | English |
---|---|
aapag | yes |
apam | water |
genin, genint | three |
hikomeya, hycomeya | is she your sister? |
hipayō, hypayô | to wish; Spanish: quiere (?) |
kainika, cainica | tortilla |
krisen, crisen; krigen, crigen | bad |
nabaog | I am hungry |
naha | mother |
namō | eat it |
nikaog, nicaog | meat |
no | fur |
paam | there is none |
papam | father |
saath | four |
sieh | give me |
sihik, sihic | tobacco |
sopaam | sister |
soyā | brother |
tciene, chiene | salt |
taapam | there are |
Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024). There are no obvious cognates with other neighboring languages.
language | father | four | meat | mother | three | water |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solano | papam | saath | nikaog | naha | genin | hipayō |
Lipan Apache | -ʔaaší | dínínɁí | -cinin | -Ɂ-nándí | káíɁí | kó |
Coahuilteco | -xana·y | puwa·nc̉an | aha·wh | -ta·y | axtikpil | wan |
Comecrudo | mawiʹs | nawuiʹ | eweʹ, kai | maʹt, te | ̉yiʹy | aʹx̣ |
Tonkawa | ʔewas, ta·taʔ | sikit | ʔawas | xʔay, ʔesaʔ | metis | ʔa·x |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan | *na, *ta(ta), *ʔok | *mako’ | *tuhku, *waʔi | *ye, *nan | *pahi | *pa |
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Language families and isolates |
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Lists |
Native American tribes in Texas | |
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Federally recognized tribes | |
Indigenous languages | |
Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today) |
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Related topics | |
† extinct language / ≠ extinct tribe / >< early, obsolete name of Indigenous tribe / ° people absorbed into other tribe(s) / * headquartered in Oklahoma today |