Textual variants in the Book of Exodus

Textual variants in the Book of Exodus concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Exodus.

Legend

Diagram of relationships between manuscriptsPurported inter-relationship between significant ancient Old Testament manuscripts (some identified by their siglum).

Frequently used sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew Bible manuscripts and editions include:

א: Codex Sinaiticus A: Codex Alexandrinus B: Codex Vaticanus (Roman Septuagint) C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus ABP: Apostolic Bible Polyglot AC: Aleppo Codex BHS: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Brenton: Brenton's Septuagint Translation 1879 LC: Leningrad Codex LXX: Septuagint (list) LXXRahlfs: Rahlfs' Septuagint 1935 LXXSwete: Swete's Septuagint 1930 K: ketiv Kennicottx: Kennicott's Vetus Test. Hebraicum MAM: Miqra according to the Masorah m.: Mishna MT or 𝕸: Masoretic Text MTGinsburg: C.D. Ginsburg's Masoretic Text OL or : Old Latin / Vetus Latina (list) Q: qere xQx: Dead Sea Scrolls (list) S: Peshitta SP: Samaritan Pentateuch Tg: Targum TgBe: Targum Berlin Orientalis 1213 TgJ: Targum Jonathan TgO: Targum Onqelos TgN: Targum Neofiti TgPJ: Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Vg: Vulgate (list) VgClement: Clementine Vulgate 1592 VgColunga&Turrado: A. Colunga & L. Turrado's Vulgata 1946 Vgneo: Nova Vulgata 1979 WLC: Westminster Leningrad Codex

List

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

Exodus 1

Exodus 1:11

פִּתֹ֖ם‎, pi-ṯōm, 'Pithom' – MT Πιθώμ, Pithom – LXX ABP Pithon – OLSb Vg Phythonam – OLL

Exodus 1:15

שִׁפְרָ֔ה‎, šip̄-rāh, 'Shiphrah' – MT Σεπφώρα, Sepphóra – LXX ABP Sepphora – OLL Sephra – Vg

Exodus 3

Exodus 3:14

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה‎, way-yō-mer ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’el-mō-šeh, ’eh-yeh ’ă-šer ’eh-yeh;, ' the god/God said to Moses: "I am that/who I am",' – WLC καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν·, 'and the god said to Moses, saying: "I am the being / the who is/exists."' – LXXSwete καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Ὤν·, 'And God spoke to Moses, saying, I am THE BEING' – Brenton και είπεν ο θεός προς Μωυσήν εγώ ειμι ο ων, 'And God said to Moses, I am the one being.' – ABP Dixit Deus ad Moysen: Ego sum qui sum., 'God said to Moses: I am who I am.' – VgColunga&Turrado See also I Am that I Am, Burning bush, and Yahweh § Name.

Exodus 6

Exodus 6:14

פַלּוּא֙‎, p̄al-lū, 'Pallu' – MT Φαλλους, Phallous – LXX Φαλλού, Phallou – ABP Fallus – OLL Phallu – Vg

Exodus 6:15

אֹ֙הַד֙‎, ’ō-haḏ, 'Ohad' – MT Ωαδ, Oad – LXX Ιωαδ, Ioad – B Αωδ, Aod – ABP Aod – OLL Vg

Exodus 6:15

צֹ֔חַר‎, ṣō-ḥar, 'Zohar' – MT Σααρ, Saar – LXX ABP Saar – OLL Soer – Vg

Exodus 6:21

נֶ֖פֶג‎, ne-p̄eḡ, 'Nepheg' – MT Ναφεγ, Napheg – LXX Ναφεχ, Naphech – B Ναφεκ, Naphek – ABP Naphaec – OLL Nepheg – Vg

Exodus 6:22

אֶלְצָפָ֖ן‎, ’el-ṣā-p̄ān, 'Elzaphan' – MT Ελισαφαν, Elisaphan – LXX ABP Elisapham – OLL Elsaphan – Vg

Exodus 6:22

סִתְרִֽי‎, siṯ-rî, 'Zithri' – MT Σετρι, Setri – LXX Ζεχρι, Zechri – ABP Zetri – OLL Sethri – Vg

Exodus 6:23

אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע‎, ’ĕ-lî-še-ḇa‘, 'Elisheba' – MT Ελισάβεθ, Elisabeth – LXX ABP Elisabet – OLL Elisabe – Vg

Exodus 6:24

אֲבִיאָסָ֑ף‎, ’ă-ḇî-’ā-sāp̄, 'Abiasaph' – MT Αβιασαφ, Abiasaph – LXX Αβιασαρ, Abiasar – A B ABP Abisar – OLL Abiasab – Vg

Exodus 6:25

פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙‎, pū-ṭî-’êl, 'Putiel' – MT Φουτιήλ, Phoutiel – LXX ABP Phutiel – OLL Phutihel – Vg

Exodus 13

Exodus 13:20

אֵתָ֔ם‎, ’ê-ṯām, 'Etham' – MT Οθομ, Othom – LXX Othon – OLM Etham – Vg

Exodus 14

Exodus 14:2

פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת‎, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT τῆς ἐπαύλεως, tes epaúleos, 'of the farm/estate/property' – LXX ABP Epauleum – OLM Phiahiroth – Vg

Exodus 14:9

פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת‎, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT τῆς ἐπαύλεως, tes epaúleos, 'of the farm/estate/property' – LXX ABP Epauleum – OLM Ahiroth – Vg

Exodus 17

Exodus 17:1, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים‎, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX Ραφιδείν, Raphideín – ABP Rapidin – OLM Raphidin – OLSb Raphidim – Vg

Exodus 17:8, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים‎, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX Ραφιδίν, Raphidín – ABP Rapidin – OLM Raphidin – OLSb Raphidim – Vg

Exodus 19

Exodus 19:2, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים‎, rə-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX Ραφιδείμ, Raphideím – ABP Rapidin – OLM Raphidin – OLSb Raphidim – Vg

Exodus 19:16

וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים‎, way-hî qō-lōṯ ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – WLC ויהי קולות וברקים‎, way-hi q-v-l-v-t ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – SP καὶ ἐγίνοντο φωναὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – LXXSwete Brenton και εγένοντο φωναί και άστραπαι, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – ABP et ecce coeperunt audiri tonitrua, ac micare fulgura, 'and behold, thunders began to be heard, and lightnings to flash' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Exodus 20:18.

Exodus 20

Exodus 20 in Brenton's Septuagint translation (1879)

Exodus 20:1

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס‎, way-ḏab-bêr ’ĕ-lō-hîm, ’êṯ kāl-had-də-ḇā-rîm hā-’êl-leh lê-mōr., 'And god/God spoke all these words, saying,' – WLC (1QExod 4QPaleoExodm) SP Καὶ ἐλάλησεν Κύριος πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους λέγων, 'And the Lord spoke all these words, saying,' – LXX LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP Dominus, ' Lord' – Vg VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:5.

Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God

אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ‎, ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā,, 'I Yahweh your god' – WLC Ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, 'I am Lord the god of yours' – LXXSwete ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, 'I am Lord the God of yours' – Brenton εγώ ειμι κύριος ο θεός σου, 'I am lord the god of yours' – LXXRahlfs ABP Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus,, 'I am (the) Lord your God,' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.

Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God

δουλίας, 'of slavery' – LXXSwete (Pontic Greek spelling) δουλείας, 'of slavery' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP (Attic and Koine Greek spelling) Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.

Exodus 20:3, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ‎, lō yih-yeh-lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al-pā-nā-ya,, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים‎ ’ă-ḥê-rîm is from H312 אחר (achér), which can mean "another", "other", "different", "further", "subsequent", "following", "next", "after". עַל־‎ al- is from H5921 על (al), which can mean "over", "against", "above", "beside(s)" (or "along(side)"), "about/concerning", "according", or many other less frequent meanings, and features in the name El Al ("Upwards"). Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ., 'There shall not be to you other gods besides/except me' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP ἕτεροι heteroi is from ἕτερος, which can mean "other", "another", "different", "second", "after", and the origin of the English word hetero-. Non habebis deos alienos coram me., ' shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods before me / in my presence.' – VgColunga&Turrado alienos is from aliēnus (compare alius and alter), and the origin of the English word alien. Compare Deuteronomy 5:7 (Hebrew witnesses identical, Greek and Latin witnesses different).

Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א‎, kî ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā ’êl qan-nā, 'because I Yahweh your god jealous god' – MT WLC SP קנוא‎, qanno, 'jealous' – PapNash (H7072 instead of H7067 קַנָּא‎ qanna in MT SP) ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, θεὸς ζηλωτής,, 'because I am Lord your god, zealot-god,' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP The words ζῆλος and ζηλωτής are the roots of many words including zeal, zealot, zealotry, zealous, jealous and jealousy. ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zelotes,, 'I am (the) Lord your strong God, zelot,' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.

Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים‎, ‘al- šil-lê-šîm wə-‘al- rib-bê-‘îm, 'to/on thirds and fourths' – WLC ἕως τρίτης καὶ τετάρτης γενεᾶς, 'until of third and fourth generation' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton επί τρίτην και τετάρτην γενεάν, '(up)on/(un)to/against third and fourth generation' – ABP in tertiam et quartam generationem, 'into/to(wards)/against/until third and fourth generation' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.

Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

λήψη, 'shall take' – ABP Brenton (classical Greek spelling) λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs (Koine Greek spelling) Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.

Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה‎, lō yə-naq-qeh Yah-weh, 'Yahweh will not acquit / leave unpunished / hold guiltless' – WLC μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος, ' Lord shall not cleanse' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs μὴ καθαρίσει Κύριος, ' Lord shall not cleanse' – ABP μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, ' Lord your God shall not cleanse' – Brenton nec...habebit insontem Dominus eum, 'and Lord will not hold/consider him innocent' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.

Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ‎, ū-ḇə-hem-te-ḵā,, 'your cattle,' – WLC ὁ βοῦς σου, καὶ τὸ ὑποζύγιόν σου, καὶ πᾶν κτῆνός σου, 'your ox/cow, and your beast of burden/donkey/mule, and all your beasts of burden/cattle,' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP jumentum tuum,, 'your beast of burden,' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ ׃‎, wə-ḡê-rə-ḵā ’ă-šer biš-‘ā-re-ḵā,, 'your stranger/sojourner who within your gates' – WLC καὶ ὁ προσήλυτος ὁ παροικῶν ἐν σοί., 'and the proselyte/convert the sojourning among you.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP et advena qui est intra portas tuas., 'and stranger/foreigner/guest/newcomer who is within your gates.' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

אֶת־הַיָּם֙‎, ’eṯ- hay-yām, 'the sea' – WLC καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, 'and the sea' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP et mare,, 'and sea,' – VgColunga&Turrado omitted – LXXSwete Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).

Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יֹ֥ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת‎, ‘al- kên, bê-raḵ Yah-weh ’eṯ- yō-wm haš-šab-bāṯ, 'Therefore, Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day' – WLC. The noun H7676 שַׁבָּת‎ shabbath "Sabbath" (Greek: G4521 σάββατον) is derived from, but independent of, the adjective H7637 שְׁבִיעִי‎ šə-ḇî-‘î "seventh" (Greek: G1442 ἕβδομος/ἕβδομη, see hebdo-) earlier in this verse. See Biblical Sabbath § Etymology. διὰ τοῦτο εὐλόγησεν Κύριος τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἑβδόμην, 'Because of this, Lord blessed the seventh day' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP idcirco benedixit Dominus diei sabbati,, 'therefore Lord blessed day of Sabbath,' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).

Exodus 20:12, see also Honour thy father and thy mother

ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good should happen to you' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP omitted – WLC VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:16 (where this phrase is identical in Greek witnesses, and not omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, albeit phrased slightly differently from Greek).

Exodus 20:13–15, see also Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery and Thou shalt not steal

לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס לֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ ס לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס‎, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s lō tnə-’āp̄. s lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, ' shall not murder. shall not commit adultery. shall not steal.' – MT WLC SP לוא תנאף׃ ס לוא תרצח׃ ס לוא תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס‎, wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, 'And shall not commit adultery. And shall not murder. And shall not steal.' – PapNash Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις. Οὐ φονεύσεις., ' shall not commit adultery. shall not steal. shall not murder.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., ' shall not murder. shall not commit adultery. shall not steal.' – ABP The verb κλέπτω ("to steal") is at the root of modern English words such as kleptomania and kleptocracy. Non occides. Non moechaberis. Non furtum facies., ' shall not kill/slay. shall not commit adultery. shall not commit theft.' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Deuteronomy 5:17–19.

Exodus 20:16, see also Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour

לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס‎, lō-ṯa-‘ă-neh ḇə-rê-‘ă-ḵā šā-qer., 'You shall not answer/respond false/lying witness/evidence against your neighbour' – WLC Οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου μαρτυρίαν ψευδῆ., 'You shall not witness falsely against your neighbour lying witness' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium., ' do/shall not speak/declare false testimony against your neighbour.' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet

לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ‎, lō ṯaḥ-mōḏ bêṯ rê-‘e-ḵā; lō-ṯaḥ-mōḏ ’ê-šeṯ rê-‘e-ḵā,, 'You shall not covet the house of your neighbour. You shall not covet the wife of your neighbour' – WLC Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου οὔτε τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου ουδέ τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – ABP Non concupisces domum proximi tui, nec desiderabis uxorem ejus,, ' shall not covet house of your neighbour, nor shall desire his wife,' – VgColunga&Turrado concupīscō is derived from (con)cupiō ("I desire"), the origin of the English verb "to covet" and the name of the Roman god Cupid.

Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet

ούτε παντός κτήνους αυτού, 'nor any of his cattle/beasts ' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP omitted – WLC VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:18

וְכָל־‎, wə-ḵāl, 'And all' – WLC Καὶ πᾶς, 'And all' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton πας, 'All' – ABP Cunctus autem, 'But/and all' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:18

הַקֹּולֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם‎, haq-qō-w-lōṯ ’eṯ-hal-lap-pî-ḏim,, 'the voices/sounds/noises/thunders and the torches' – WLC την φωνήν και τας λαμπάδας, 'the voice/sound and the torches/lamps/lanterns' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP. φωνή and λᾰμπᾰ́ς are the origins of the English words phone and lamp respectively. voces et lampades, '(the) voices and (the) torches/lamps/lanterns' – VgColunga&Turrado. vōx is the root of the English word voice. Compare Exodus 19:16

Exodus 20:19

פֶּן־‎, pen-, 'lest/or' – WLC μὴ, 'not' – LXXSwete Brenton μήποτε, 'lest/otherwise' – LXXRahlfs ABP ne forte, 'lest' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:20

Μωσῆς, 'Moses' – LXXSwete Μωυσῆς, 'Moses' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP

Exodus 20:21

ἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXXSwete εἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXXRahlfs Brenton εἱστήκει δὲ πας ὁ λαὸς, 'And all the people stood' – ABP

Exodus 20:23

תעשון‎, ṯa-‘ă-śūn, ' have made or shall make' – MT WLC תעשו‎, ta-asú, ' have made' – SP

Exodus 20:23

אִתִּ֑י...לָכֶֽם׃‎, ’it-tî...lā-ḵem., 'against me... for yourselves.' – WLC ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς...ὑμῖν ἑαυτοῖς, 'to you to/for yourselves...to you to/for each other' – LXXSwete ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς...ὑμῖν αυτοῖς, 'to you to/for yourselves...to you to/for yourselves' – Brenton εαυτοίς...υμίν αυτοίς, 'for each other...to you to/for yourselves' – LXXRahlfs ABP ....vobis, 'to/for you' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 20:26

אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְךָ֖‎, ’ă-šer lō- ṯig-gā-leh ‘er-wā-ṯə-ḵā, 'so (that) your nakedness may not be uncovered' – WLC ὅπως ἂν μὴ ἀποκαλύψῃς τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην σου, 'so that should/will not uncover/reveal your nakedness/indecency/shame' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP ἀποκαλύψῃς is likely a misspelling of the verb ἀποκαλύψεις. The noun αποκάλυψη is the root of words such as apocalypse, apocalyptic and apocalypticism. ne reveletur turpitudo tua., 'lest your unsightliness/indecency/shame should be revealed.' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Leviticus 18.

Exodus 21

Exodus 21:17 (LXX 21:16)

וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמֹּ֖ו מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס‎, ū-mə-qal-lêl ’ā-ḇîw wə-’im-mōw mō-wṯ yū-māṯ. s, 'And he who curses his father or his mother surely shall be put to death.' – MT Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ τελευτήσει θανάτῳ., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother must end in death.' – LXXSwete Brenton Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother in death let him end.' – ABP Qui maledixerit patri suo, vel matri, morte moriatur., 'Who speaks evil of his father, or mother, let die by death.' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado Compare New Testament quotation: Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of father or mother in death let him end.' – Mark 7:10

Exodus 32

Ziegler (1883) comparing three different Vetus Latina manuscripts (W, L, M) of Exodus 32 with the Septuagint (LXX)

Exodus 34

Exodus 34:11

אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהַחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃‎, ’eṯ- hā-’ĕ-mō-rî wə-hak-kə-na-‘ă-nî, wə-ha-ḥit-tî wə-hap-pə-riz-zî, wə-ha-ḥiw-wî wə-hay-ḇū-sî., 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.' – WLC τὸν Ἀμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Εὑαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ἰεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Perizzite and Hittite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXXSwete τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Hittite and Perizzite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXXRahlfs Brenton τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ τὸν Χαναναῖον καὶ τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ τὸν Φερεζαῖον καὶ τὸν Ευαῖον καὶ τὸν Γεργεσαῖον καὶ τὸν Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Gergesite and the Jebusite;' – ABP Amorrhaeum, et Chananaeum, et Hethaeum, Pherezaeum quoque, et Hevaeum, et Jebusaeum., ' Amorite, and (the) Canaanite, and (the) Hittite, (the) Perizzite too, and (the) Hivite, and (the) Jebusite.' – VgColunga&Turrado

Exodus 34:14, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְאֵ֣ל אַחֵ֑ר כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמֹ֔ו אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃‎, 'For you shall not worship any other god, for Yahweh, whose name Jealous, is a jealous god.' – WLC οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις· ὁ γὰρ Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For should not revere other gods: for Lord the god zealot-name, god is zealot. or for the Lord God, a jealous name, is a jealous God.' – LXXSwete Brenton οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεῷ ἑτέρῳ· ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For should not revere another god: for lord the god zealot-name, god is zealot or for lord the god name "zealot", the god is zealot.' – LXXRahlfs ABP noli adorare deum alienum. Dominus zelotes nomen ejus; Deus est aemulator., 'Do not adore alien/foreign/strange gods. Lord zealot his name; God is (an) emulator/rival.' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Exodus 20:3 and Deuteronomy 5:7,9.

Exodus 34:17, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

אֱלֹהֵ֥י מַסֵּכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃‎, ’ĕ-lō-hê mas-sê-ḵāh lō ṯa-‘ă-śeh- lāḵ., ' shall not make molten gods to/for you(rself).' – WLC καὶ θεοὺς χωνευτοὺς οὐ ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ., 'And you shall not make molten gods to/for yourself.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP Deos conflatiles non facies tibi., 'You shall not make cast/molten gods to/for you.' – VgColunga&Turrado Compare Exodus 20:5 and Deuteronomy 5:8.

See also

References

  1. ^ J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Legenda tekstkritische notities". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Everson 2014, p. 376.
  3. ^ a b Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 1 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  4. ^ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 3 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  5. ^ "Exodus 3 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  6. ^ a b Brenton 1879, p. 73.
  7. ^ a b Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Exodus 3". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  8. ^ Colunga & Turrado, ed. (1946). "Exodus 3 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Everson 2014, p. 375.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 6 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 14 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  12. ^ a b Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 17 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  13. ^ a b Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 19 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  14. ^ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 19 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  15. ^ a b c d J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 19:16". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  16. ^ "Exodus 20 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  17. ^ Brenton 1879, p. 111.
  18. ^ Colunga & Turrado, ed. (1946). "Exodus 19 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  19. ^ a b c J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:1". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 20 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Exodus 20 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Rahlfs 1935, Έξοδος.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Brenton 1879, p. 112.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Exodus 20 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Colunga & Turrado, ed. (1946). "Exodus 2 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  26. ^ "Strong's Hebrew: 312. אַחֵר (acher) -- another". biblehub.com. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  27. ^ "Strong's Hebrew: 5921. עַל (al) -- upon, above, over". biblehub.com. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  28. ^ "Strong's Greek: 2087. ἕτερος (heteros) -- other". biblehub.com. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  29. ^ a b c J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:5". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  30. ^ a b c J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:13–15". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  31. ^ a b J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Exodus 20:23". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  32. ^ Brenton 1879, p. 112–113.
  33. ^ a b Brenton 1879, p. 113.
  34. ^ "Exodus 21 Vulgata Clementina". Biblehub.com. 1592. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  35. ^ Colunga & Turrado, ed. (1946). "Exodus 21 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  36. ^ a b c Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Exodus 34 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  37. ^ a b c "Exodus 34 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  38. ^ a b c d Brenton 1879, p. 133.
  39. ^ a b c Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Exodus 34". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  40. ^ a b c Colunga & Turrado, ed. (1946). "Exodus 34 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.

Bibliography

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