In this article, we will explore in depth all the facets related to Yil language, addressing its importance in different contexts and analyzing its possible implications for our daily lives. Throughout history, Yil language has played a crucial role in the development of various disciplines, and its relevance continues to be debated today. From its origins to its evolution in the modern era, we will examine its influence on society, culture, science, technology and many other aspects of our daily lives. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we aim to shed light on the different aspects that make up Yil language, delving into its implications and offering a comprehensive vision that allows us to understand its scope and relevance today.
| Yil | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Sandaun Province |
Native speakers | (2,500 cited 2000 census)[1] |
Torricelli
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | yll |
| Glottolog | yill1241 |
| ELP | Yil |
Yil is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea spoken in twelve villages in Sundaun province.
This section follows Martens and Tuominen (1977).[2] Yil has a small inventory of ten consonants:
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t | k |
| Fricative | s | ɣ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ |
| Trill | r | ||
| Lateral | l |
And seven vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| Close | i | y | ə~ɵ | u |
| Mid | ɛ~æ | o | ||
| Open | a | |||
In addition there are the diphthongs /ai̯ au̯ ay̯ ei̯/. /i u/ have non-syllabic allophones in onset or coda position. /ɣ/ is devoiced to word-finally, e.g. /uəmaɣ/ 'hawk'.
Maximum syllable structure is (C) (C) V (C) (C). Syllables with two-consonant codas only occur word-finally. Distribution of phonemes in different syllable types is shown in the table below.
| Syllable type | Phoneme distribution | Example(s) |
|---|---|---|
| V | Any vowels may occur | /i/ "I" |
| CV | Any consonant or vowel may occur | /ni/ "water" |
| CVC | /sak/ "pig" | |
| VC | V: /i ə o ɛ a/
C: /p s m n ŋ l r u i/ |
/an/ "he"
/ar/ "she" |
| C₁C₂VC₃ | C₁: /p t k/
C₂: /r/ V: /u o a/ C₃: /p k r/ |
/prok/ "quickly"
/trok/ "thigh" /krup/ "white bird" |
| C₁VC₂C₃ | C₁: any consonant may occur
V: /u o a/ C₂: /ɣ m n ŋ l r/ C₃: /p t k ɣ r/ |
/lank/ "night"
/nakalp/ "back of house" /namaŋalk/ "bird" |
| VC₁C₂ | Rarely observed | /ark/ "termite" |
| *C₁C₂VC₃C₄ | Not observed | |
Stress usually falls on the first syllable, although it is contrastive in some verb forms, e.g. /əˈŋati/ "I bury a man" vs. /ˈəŋati/ "I hurry"