Hakucho

Hakuchō

Mission type	X Ray Celestial Observation
Operator	Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)
COSPAR ID	1979-014A
SATCAT no.	11272
Spacecraft properties
Launch mass	96.0 kilograms (211.6 lb)
Dimensions	⌀760mm×650mm
Start of mission
Launch date	21 February 1979 UTC
Rocket	M-3C-Rocket (mission 4)
Launch site	Uchinoura Space Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
End of mission
Decay date	April 15, 1985

Hakucho (also known as CORSA-b before launch; CORSA stands for Cosmic Radiation Satellite) was Japan's first X-ray astronomy satellite, developed by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (then a division of the University of Tokyo). It was launched from the Kagoshima Space Center by the ISAS M-3C rocket on the M-3C-4 mission on February 21, 1979 and reentered the atmosphere on April 15, 1985.

Hakucho was a replacement for the Cosmic Radiation Satellite (CORSA) satellite which failed to launch due to rocket failure on February 4, 1976.

Highlights

• Discovery of soft X-ray transient Cen X-4 and Aql X-1
• Discovery of many burst sources
• Long-term monitoring of X-ray pulsar (e.g. Vela X-1)
• Discovery of 2 Hz variability in the Rapid Burster later named Quasi Period Oscillation.

See also

• Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

References

1. ^ "Hakucho", JAKA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
2. ^ "CelesTrak: Search Satellite Catalog". celestrak.com. Retrieved Nov 28, 2020.
3. ^ "Corsa A, B (Hakucho)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved Nov 28, 2020.

• isas.jaxa.jp
• heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov

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Retired	Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011) ALEXIS (1993–2005) Alouette 1 (1962–1972) Ariel 1 (1962, 1964) Ariel 2 (1964) Ariel 3 (1967–1969) Ariel 4 (1971–1972) Ariel 5 (1974–1980) Ariel 6 (1979–1982) ASTERIA (2017–2019) ATM (1973–1974) ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000) Astro-1 (1990) BBXRT HUT Astro-2 (HUT) (1995) Astron (1983–1991) ANS (1974–1976) BeppoSAX (1996–2003) CHIPSat (2003–2008) Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000) CoRoT (2006–2013) Cos-B (1975–1982) COBE (1989–1993) CXBN-2 (2017–2019) DXS (1993) EPOCh (2008) EPOXI (2010) Explorer 11 (1961) EXOSAT (1983–1986) EUVE (1992–2001) FUSE (1999–2007) Kvant-1 (1987–2001) GALEX (2003–2013) Gamma (1990–1992) Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991) Granat (1989–1998) Hakucho (CORSA-b) (1979–1985) HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005) HEAO-1 (1977–1979) Herschel (2009–2013) Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991) Hisaki (SPRINT-A) (2013–2023) HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982) HEAO-3 (1979–1981) HETE-2 (2000–2008) Hipparcos (1989–1993) IUE (1978–1996) IRAS (1983) IRTS (1995–1996) ISO (1996–1998) IXAE (1996–2004) Kepler (2009–2018) Kristall (1990–2001) LEGRI (1997–2002) LISA Pathfinder (2015–2017) MinXSS (2015–2017) MOST (2003–2019) MSX (1996–1997) Mikhailo Lomonosov (failed on-orbit) OAO-2 (1968–1973) OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981) Orbiting Solar Observatory OSO 1 OSO B OSO 3 OSO 4 OSO 5 OSO 6 OSO 7 OSO 8 Orion 1 (1971) Orion 2 (1973) PAMELA (2006–2016) PicSat (2018) Planck (2009–2013) RELIKT-1 (1983–1984) R/HESSI (2002–2018) ROSAT (1990–1999) RXTE (1995–2012) SAMPEX (1992–2004) SAS-B (1972–1973) SAS-C (1975–1979) Solwind (1979–1985) Spektr-R (2011–2019) Spitzer (2003–2020) Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–2015) Taiyo (SRATS) (1975–1980) Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985) Uhuru (1970–1973) Vanguard 3 (1959) WMAP (2001–2010) Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)
Hibernating (Mission completed)	SWAS (1998–2005) TRACE (1998–2010)
Lost/Failed	OAO-1 (1966) OAO-B (1970) CORSA (1976) CXBN (2012–2013) OSO C (1965) ABRIXAS (1999) HETE-1 (1996) WIRE (1999) Astro-E (2000) Tsubame (2014–2015) Hitomi (Astro-H) (2016)
Cancelled	Aelita AOSO Astro-G Constellation-X Darwin Destiny EChO Eddington FAME FINESSE GEMS HOP IXO JDEM LOFT OSO J OSO K Sentinel SIM & SIMlite SNAP SPICA SPOrt TAUVEX TPF XEUS XIPE
Related	Great Observatories program List of space telescopes List of proposed space telescopes X-ray telescope List of heliophysics missions List of planetariums
Category:Space telescopes

v t e Japanese space program
Italics indicates projects in development. Symbol † indicates failed projects. Strikethrough lines indicate cancelled projects.
Space agencies National space agencies JAXA former ISAS NAL NASDA NICT JSS Joint development partners NASA1 ESA2 ASI3 CSA4 Roscosmos5 AEB6 INPE7 ISRO8
Astronomical observation Past Akari ASCA ASTRO-E† Astro-G CORSA† Ginga Hakucho HALCA Hinotori Hitomi† SPICA Suzaku Tenma Yohkoh Active Hinode Hisaki XRISM1 Future ATHENA2 SOLAR-C1 GREX-PLUS HiZ-GUNDAM LAPYUTA LiteBIRD Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope1 Nano-JASMINE Small-JASMINE
Communications satellites, broadcasting satellites and satellite navigation systems Past BS 2X 3H 3N Kakehashi Kirari Kizuna Kodama MBSat N-STAR a b Sakura (1 2a 2b 3a 3b) Yuri 1 2a 2b 3a 3b Active Kirameki 1 2 Michibiki 1 2 3 4 1R MTSAT N-STAR c d JDRS Future DSN 3 QZS 5 6 7
Earth observation Past Akebono Daichi 1 3† Denpa Fuyo-1 Jikiken Kyokko Midori I II Momo 1 1b Ohozora Taiyo TRMM1 Ume 1 b Geotail1 Active Aqua1,7 Arase ASNARO 1 2 Daichi-2 GPM1 Himawari Ibuki original 2 Shikisai Shizuku Future ALOS-4 EarthCARE2 GOSAT-GW PMM
Engineering tests Past Ayame 1 2 DASH EXPRESS IKAROS Jindai Kiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LDREX 1 2 LRE Micro LabSat-1 Myojo Ohsumi Orizuru RAISE 2 3† PETSAT RAPIS-1 Ryusei SERVIS-1 SERVIS-2 SDS-1 SFU Shinsei SmartSat-1 Tansei 1 2 3 4 Tasuki Tsubame Tsubasa USERS Active Ajisai Reimei SDS-4 Future BEAK ETS-IX G-SATELLITE SERVIS-3
Human spaceflight Past Fuji crewed spacecraft HOPE-X H-II Transfer Vehicle Active International Space Station (ISS) & Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)1,2,3,4,5,6 Future HTV-X Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui) Lunar Gateway1,2,4
Space probes The Moon Past Hakuto-R Mission 1† Hiten Lunar-A Kaguya (SELENE) OMOTENASHI† SELENE-2 Active EQUULEUS Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) Future Hakuto-R Mission 2 HERACLES2,4 Lunar Cruiser Lunar Polar Exploration Mission8 (LUPEX) Yaoki Others Past Hayabusa Hayabusa Mk2 Nozomi† PROCYON† Sakigake Shin'en† Suisei Active Akatsuki BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)2 Hayabusa2 Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer2 Future Comet Interceptor2 DESTINY+ Dragonfly1 Hera2 MELOS Martian Moons eXploration Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return TEREX
Reconnaissance satellites Past IGS-Optical 1 2 Experimentally 3 IGS-Radar 1 2 Active IGS-Optical 3 4 5 6 Experimentally 5 IGS-Radar 3 4 Spare 5 6 Future IGS-Optical 7 8 IGS-Radar 7 8
Private small satellites Past CosMoz CUTE 1.7+APD Fuji 1 2 Hayato HIBARI HIT-SAT Kagayaki Kanta-kun (WEOS) Kūkai Maido-1 Negai☆″ Niwaka RAIKO Waseda-SAT2 WE WISH Active CUTE 1 1.7+APDII Fuji-3 Hitomi Hodoyoshi 1 2 3 4 Horyu 2 Kiseki PROITERES Raijin Raijin-2 SEEDS SOCRATES XI IV V Future DRUMS KITSUNE OPUSAT-II QSAT-EOS RSP-01 SOMESAT SpaceTuna1 SPROUT TSUBAME WNI satellite

v t e ← 1978Orbital launches in 19791980 →
Kosmos 1070 Kosmos 1071 Kosmos 1072 Molniya-3 No.23 Meteor-Priroda No.2-3 Kosmos 1073 SCATHA Kosmos 1074 Ayame 1 Kosmos 1075 Kosmos 1076 Kosmos 1077 Zenit-2M No.131 AEM-2 Hakucho Ekran No.16L Kosmos 1078 Solwind Soyuz 32 Kosmos 1079 Interkosmos 19 Meteor-2 No.4 Progress 5 Kosmos 1080 Kosmos 1081 Kosmos 1082 Kosmos 1083 Kosmos 1084 Kosmos 1085 Kosmos 1086 Kosmos 1087 Kosmos 1088 OPS 3854 OPS 6675 Kosmos 1089 Kosmos 1090 Kosmos 1091 Soyuz 33 Kosmos 1092 Molniya-1-43 Kosmos 1093 Kosmos 1094 Kosmos 1095 Gran' No.15L Kosmos 1096 Kosmos 1097 OPS 6292 Progress 6 Kosmos 1098 Kosmos 1099 Kosmos 1100 Kosmos 1101 Kosmos 1102 OPS 7164 Kosmos 1103 Kosmos 1104 Ariel 6 Molniya-3 No.21 Soyuz 34 OPS 5390 Bhaskara 1 Kosmos 1105 OPS 7484 Kosmos 1106 Kosmos 1107 Kosmos 1108 NOAA-6 Kosmos 1109 Progress 7 (KRT-10) Kosmos 1110 Kosmos 1111 Gorizont No.12L Kosmos 1112 Kosmos 1113 Kosmos 1114 Kosmos 1115 Kosmos 1116 Kosmos 1117 Kosmos 1118 Unnamed Molniya-1-44 Kosmos 1119 Westar 3 RTP Kosmos 1120 Kosmos 1121 Kosmos 1122 Kosmos 1123 Kosmos 1124 Kosmos 1125 Kosmos 1126 Kosmos 1127 Kosmos 1128 HEAO-3 Kosmos 1129 Kosmos 1130 Kosmos 1131 Kosmos 1132 Kosmos 1133 Kosmos 1134 Kosmos 1135 Kosmos 1136 Kosmos 1137 Kosmos 1138 OPS 1948 Ekran No.17L Kosmos 1139 Kosmos 1140 Unnamed Kosmos 1141 Molniya-1-45 Kosmos 1142 Kosmos 1143 Magsat Meteor-2 No.7 Interkosmos 20 Kosmos 1144 OPS 9443 OPS 9444 Kosmos 1145 Kosmos 1146 Satcom 3 Kosmos 1147 Soyuz T-1 CAT-1 Gorizont No.13L Kosmos 1148
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in underline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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