Help:IPA/Nguni

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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Nguni on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Nguni in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Shortcuts H:IPA-SS H:IPA-XH H:IPA-ZU

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Nguni

The charts below show the way in which the IPA is used to transcribe the Nguni languages Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

A superscript ^X marks a sound or spelling found specifically in Xhosa, ^S in Swazi, and ^Z specifically in Zulu. Sounds marked * only appear in loanwords.

Consonants Non-click IPA Orthography English approximation b bh book ɓ b bag, but implosive d d dip dʒ j just dz dz dads dv dvs hand valve f f find ɡ g give ɠ kz good, but implosive h h have ɦ hh behind j y yet k kh can kʼ k back, with glottalization k̬ ks Glottalized bag kxʼ klz, krx No English equivalent kʟ̝̊ klz, krx Similar to clinic l l like ɬ hl No English equivalent; Welsh llwyd ɮ dl No English equivalent; Welsh llwyd, but voiced m m mode n n night ŋ ngʼx, ngzs sing ɲ ny canyon p ph pin pʼ p lip, with glottalization r r right, but trilled s s see ʃ sh ship t th tip tʼ t bit, with glottalization ts ts cats tf tfs thoughtful tsʼ ts cats, with glottalization tʃʼ tsh catch, with glottalization v v vine w w wind x rhx Scottish loch ɣ grx No English equivalent; Spanish amigo ʒ zhx pleasure z z zip ʔ (ʔ)x Pause in uh-oh! Click IPA Orthography ᵏǀ c ᵏǀʼ c ᵏǁ x ᵏǁʼ x ᵏǃ q ᵏǃʼ q ᶢǀ gc ᶢǁ gx ᶢǃ gq ᵑǀ nc ᵑǁ nx ᵑǃ nq Other symbols ◌̃ nasalisation (placed above consonant) ◌ʰ Aspirated consonant (placed after consonant) ◌ʱ Breathy voice (placed after consonant) ◌ʲ Palatalisation (placed after consonant) ◌̠ Retracted consonant (placed below consonant) ◌̤ / ◌̈ / ◌̥ / ◌̊ slack voice (placed above or below consonant)

Vowels IPA Orthography English approximation a a cat or father ɛ e bed e e bay i i beat ɔ o British English off o o story u u cool ː long vowel Tones Tone mark Tone Bar á ˦ à ˨ âː ˥˩ ǎ̤ ˨˦ à̤ ˨ a̤᷈ː ˨˧˨

Notes

1. ^ The velar nasal may be pronounced as in Swazi.
2. ^ The click consonants do not have any equivalent phoneme in English. The nearest equivalents to English-speakers are the Tut-tut or Tsk! Tsk!, tchick!, and clip-clop! interjections.
3. ^ /a/ is phonetically realised as an open front unrounded vowel in Swazi, an open central unrounded vowel in Zulu and an open back unrounded vowel in Xhosa .
4. ^ Realized similar to cat in Swazi, similar to father in Xhosa, and in between the two in Zulu

See also

• Category:Pages with Swazi IPA (15)
• Category:Pages with Xhosa IPA (27)
• Category:Pages with Zulu IPA (26)