NIFTY 50
The NIFTY 50 is a benchmark Indian stock market index that represents the weighted average of 50 of the largest Indian companies listed on the National Stock Exchange.
Nifty 50 is owned and managed by NSE Indices (previously known as India Index Services & Products Limited), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NSE Strategic Investment Corporation Limited. NSE Indices had a marketing and licensing agreement with Standard & Poor's for co-branding equity indices until 2013. The Nifty 50 index was launched on 22 April 1996, and is one of the many stock indices of Nifty.
The NIFTY 50 index has shaped up to be the largest single financial product in India, with an ecosystem consisting of exchange-traded funds (onshore and offshore), and futures and options at NSE and NSE International Exchange (through GIFT Nifty, operated by NSEIX at GIFT City). NIFTY 50 is the world's most actively traded contract. WFE, IOM and FIA surveys have endorsed NSE's leadership position. Between 2008 and 2012, the NIFTY 50 index's share of NSE market fell from 65% to 29% due to the rise of sectoral indices like NIFTY Bank, NIFTY IT, NIFTY Pharma, and NIFTY Next 50.
The NIFTY 50 index covers 13 sectors of the Indian economy and offers investment managers exposure to the Indian market in one portfolio. As of March 2024, NIFTY 50 gives a weightage of 33.53% to financial services including banking, 13.04% to information technology, 12.87% to oil and gas, 8.15% to consumer goods, and 7.57% to automotive.
Methodology
The NIFTY 50 index is a free float market capitalisation-weighted index.
Stocks are added to the index based on the following criteria:
- Must have traded at an average impact cost of 0.50% or less during the last six months for 90% of the observations, for the basket size of Rs. 100 Million.
- The company should have a listing history of 6 months.
- Companies that are allowed to trade in F&O segment are only eligible to be constituent of the index.
- The company should have a minimum listing history of 1 month as on the cutoff date
The index was initially calculated on a full market capitalization methodology. On 26 June 2009, the computation was changed to a free-float methodology. The base period for the NIFTY 50 index is 3 November 1995, which marked the completion of one year of operations of the equity market segment on NSE. The base value of the index has been set at 1000 and a base capital of ₹ 2.06 trillion.
The index is re-balanced on semi-annual basis. The cut-off date is January 31 and July 31 every year and average data for the previous six months from the cut-off date is considered to filter stocks. A notice of 4 weeks from the date of change is given to market participants so that they can prepare for any changes.
Record values
Category
|
All-time highs
|
Value
|
Date
|
Closing
|
22,753.80
|
10 April 2024
|
Intra-day
|
22,775.70
|
10 April 2024
|
Constituents
The Nifty 50 has the following constituents, as of 28 March 2024.
Index changes
Changes in index constituents since Nifty 50 adopted free float criteria in 2009:
Major single day falls
Impact of
COVID-19 on Indian stock markets, NIFTY 50 (1 January 2020 to 19 May 2020)
Following are some of the notable single-day falls of the NIFTY 50 Index.
Sl. No.
|
Date
|
Fall
|
Probable Reason
|
1
|
28 October 1997
|
88.20 points (7.87%)
|
Investors deserted emerging Asian shares during the Asian Financial Crisis. Crashes also occurred in Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea and Philippines.
|
2
|
14 May 2004
|
135.10 points (7.87%)
|
UPA election.
|
3
|
17 May 2004
|
193.5 points (12.24%)
|
UPA election.
|
4
|
21 January 2008
|
496.50 points (8.70%)
|
Due to the US subprime mortgage crisis.
|
5
|
22 January 2008
|
309.50 points (5.94%)
|
Due to the US subprime mortgage crisis.
|
6
|
16 August 2013
|
234.45 points (4.08%)
|
Due to depreciation of the Indian rupee.
|
7
|
24 August 2015
|
490.95 points (5.92%)
|
Driven by the meltdown in the Chinese Stock market.
|
8
|
24 June 2016
|
181.85 points (2.20%)
|
Driven by the Brexit Referendum.
|
9
|
11 November 2016
|
229.45 points (2.69%)
|
Driven by the Demonetization move by the Indian Government and the 2016 US Election Results.
|
10
|
2 February 2018
|
256.30 points (2.33%)
|
Driven by the 2018 Union budget of India and Global breakdown.
|
11
|
4 October 2018
|
303.20 points (2.39%)
|
Panic Fall, due to Oil price Increase and rupee fall against US Dollar.
|
12
|
5 October 2018
|
282.80 points (2.67%)
|
Panic Fall, due to Oil price Increase and rupee fall against US Dollar.
|
13
|
8 July 2019
|
252.55 points (2.14%)
|
Due to Union Budget FY 2019.
|
15
|
3 September 2019
|
225.35 points (2.04%)
|
Due to Multiple PSU Bank Merger Announcements.
|
16
|
1 February 2020
|
373.95 points (3.11%)
|
Driven by the Union Budget FY 2020 and coronavirus pandemic which saw global breakdown a day before the budget.
|
17
|
9 March 2020
|
538.00 points (4.90%)
|
Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
|
18
|
12 March 2020
|
868.25 points (8.30%)
|
Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic after WHO declared it a pandemic.
|
19
|
16 March 2020
|
757.80 points (7.61%)
|
Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
|
20
|
23 March 2020
|
1135.20 points (12.98%)
|
Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
|
21
|
11 June 2020
|
214.15 points (2.12%)
|
Driven by the weak economic outlook as predicted by the United States Federal Reserve.
|
22
|
26 Feb 2021
|
568.20 points (3.76%)
|
Global breakdown.
|
23
|
12 Apr 2021
|
524.05 points (3.53%)
|
Rise in daily COVID cases, speculation of complete lockdown in the Maharashtra state.
|
24
|
26 Nov 2021
|
509.80 points (2.91%)
|
New coronavirus strain found in South Africa.
|
25
|
20 Dec 2021
|
371.00 points (2.18%)
|
26
|
24 Jan 2022
|
468.05 points (2.66%)
|
Increasing geopolitical tensions and rising inflation (investors lost 19.33 lakh crore in market in a week).
|
27
|
14 Feb 2022
|
531.95 points (3.06%)
|
Russia-Ukraine tensions, US fed aggressive statements on rate hike and ABG shipyard fraud case.
|
28
|
17 January 2024
|
461 points (2.09%)
|
Its largest constituent by weightage (HDFCBANK at 11%) fell by more than 6% due to a poor earnings report.
|
Major single day gains
Following are some of the notable single-day gains of the NIFTY 50 Index.
Sl. No.
|
Date
|
High
|
Probable reason
|
1
|
18 May 2009
|
651.50 points (17.74%)
|
Ovewhelmingly upbeat results of the 2009 Indian general election; caused multiple trading curbs.
|
2
|
20 May 2019
|
421.10 points (3.69%)
|
Exit Polls of 2019 General elections.
|
3
|
23 May 2019
|
300.90 points (2.49%)
|
Results of the 2019 General Elections in which NDA alliance wins.
|
4
|
8 August 2019
|
176.95 points (1.63%)
|
FPI surcharge rollback.
|
5
|
26 August 2019
|
234.45 points (2.16%)
|
Relief measures, likely US-China trade talks begin.
|
6
|
20 September 2019
|
655.45 points (6.12%)
|
Indian FM announced a cut in the corporate tax rate for domestic companies and new domestic manufacturing companies.
|
7
|
23 September 2019
|
420.65 points (3.73%)
|
Following a corporate tax cut in India.
|
8
|
7 April 2020
|
708.40 points (8.76%)
|
Positive news that infection numbers were peaking in some of the worst affected areas around the world.
|
9
|
1 Feb 2021
|
646.60 points (4.74%)
|
Union budget day by Nirmala Sitharaman.
|
10
|
2 Feb 2021
|
366.65 points (2.57%)
|
Union budget reaction.
|
11
|
15 Feb 2022
|
509.65 points (3.03%)
|
Russia withdraws troops from Ukraine border.
|
Annual returns
The following table shows the annual development of the NIFTY 50 since 2000. The historical daily returns data can be accessed from the NSE website.
Year
|
Closing level
|
Change in Index in Points
|
Change in Index in %
|
2000
|
1,263.55
|
−216.90 |
−14.65
|
2001
|
1,059.05
|
−204.50 |
−13.94
|
2002
|
1,093.50
|
34.45
|
3.25
|
2003
|
1,879.75
|
786.25
|
71.90
|
2004
|
2,080.50
|
200.75
|
10.68
|
2005
|
2,836.55
|
756.05
|
36.34
|
2006
|
3,966.40
|
1,129.85
|
39.83
|
2007
|
6,138.60
|
2,172.20
|
54.77
|
2008
|
2,959.15
|
−3,179.45 |
−51.79
|
2009
|
5,201.05
|
2,241.90
|
75.76
|
2010
|
6,134.50
|
933.45
|
17.95
|
2011
|
4,624.30
|
−1,510.20 |
−24.62
|
2012
|
5,905.10
|
1,280.80
|
27.70
|
2013
|
6,304.00
|
398.90
|
6.76
|
2014
|
8,282.70
|
1,978.70
|
31.39
|
2015
|
7,964.35
|
−318.35 |
−3.84
|
2016
|
8,185.80
|
239.45
|
3.01
|
2017
|
10,530.70
|
2,344.90
|
28.65
|
2018
|
10,862.55
|
331.85
|
3.15
|
2019
|
12,168.45
|
1,305.90
|
12.02
|
2020
|
13,981.75
|
1,813.30
|
14.90
|
2021
|
17,354.05
|
3,372.30
|
24.12
|
2022
|
18,105.30
|
751.25
|
4.32
|
2023
|
21,731.40
|
3621.1
|
20.02
|
Derivatives
Trading in futures and options on the NIFTY 50 is offered by the NSE and NSE International Exchange (NSEIX). NSE offers weekly as well as monthly expiry options. It is the second most traded index option in the world after Nifty Bank.
NSE allows international traders to trade on the NIFTY 50 by GIFT NIFTY. The same index had previously operated under the name SGX Nifty, and was traded on the Singapore Exchange. It was rebranded to GIFT Nifty on 3 July 2023 and trading was moved to the NSE International Exchange (NSEIX) situated in GIFT City, Gandhinagar. The CEO of NSEIX called it a watershed moment since it was the first time India got back an international contract which had previously been exported.
NIFTY Next 50
NIFTY Next 50, also called NIFTY Junior, is an index of 50 companies whose free float market capitalisation comes after that of the companies in NIFTY 50. NIFTY Next 50 constituents are thus potential candidates for future inclusion in NIFTY 50.
See also
References
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External links
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