38th United States Congress
The 38th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1863, to March 4, 1865, during the last two years of President Abraham Lincoln's first term in office. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House of Representatives had a Republican plurality.
Major events
Major legislation
- April 22, 1864: Coinage Act of 1864, Sess. 1, ch. 66, 13 Stat. 54
- June 25, 1864: Washington County Public Schools Act ("An Act to provide for the Public Instruction of Youth in the County of Washington, District of Columbia, and for other Purposes"), Sess. 1, ch. 156, 13 Stat. 187
- June 30, 1864: Yosemite Valley Grant Act, Sess. 1, 16 Stat. 48
- March 3, 1865: Freedmen's Bureau, Sess. 2, ch. 90, 13 Stat. 507
Major bills not enacted
Constitutional amendments
Treaties ratified
States admitted and territories organized
States
Territories
States in rebellion
The Confederacy fielded armies and sustained the rebellion into a second Congress, but the Union did not accept secession and secessionists were not eligible for Congress. Elections held in Missouri and Kentucky seated all members to the House and Senate for the 38th Congress. Elections held among Unionists in Virginia, Tennessee and Louisiana were marred by disruption resulting in turnouts that were so low compared with 1860, that Congress did not reseat the candidates with a majority of the votes cast.
- In rebellion 1862–64 according to the Emancipation Proclamation were Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (parts), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia (parts). Tennessee was not held to be in rebellion as of the end of 1862.
Party summary
Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 38th Congress in March 1863. Green stripes represent Unionists and gray stripes represent Unconditional Unionists. The senators from Nevada and West Virginia were not seated until later in the Congress. 2 Democrats 1 Democrat and 1 Republican 2 Republicans 2 Unionists 2 Unconditional Unionists Territories
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
During this Congress, two seats were added for each of the new states of Nevada and West Virginia, thereby adding four new seats.
House of Representatives
House seats by party holding plurality in state |
Over 80% Democratic | Over 80% Republican |
60+% to 80% Democratic | 60+% to 80% Republican |
Up to 60% Democratic | Up to 60% Republican |
Before this Congress, the 1860 United States Census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 241 members. During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nevada, and three seats were reapportioned from Virginia to the new state of West Virginia.
Leadership
President of the Senate
Hannibal Hamlin
Senate
Majority (Republican) leadership
House of Representatives
Majority (Republican) leadership
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.
Alabama
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
Arkansas
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
California
▌1. John Conness (R)
▌3. James A. McDougall (D)
Connecticut
▌1. James Dixon (R)
▌3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)
Delaware
▌1. James A. Bayard Jr. (D), until January 29, 1864
▌George Read Riddle (D), from February 2, 1864
▌2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)
Florida
1. Vacant
3. Vacant
Georgia
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
Illinois
▌2. William A. Richardson (D)
▌3. Lyman Trumbull (R)
Indiana
▌1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D)
▌3. Henry S. Lane (R)
Iowa
▌2. James W. Grimes (R)
▌3. James Harlan (R)
Kansas
▌2. Jim Lane (R)
▌3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)
Kentucky
▌2. Lazarus W. Powell (D)
▌3. Garrett Davis (U)
Louisiana
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
Maine
▌1. Lot M. Morrill (R)
▌2. William P. Fessenden (R), until July 1, 1864
▌Nathan A. Farwell (R), from October 27, 1864
Maryland
▌1. Reverdy Johnson (U)
▌3. Thomas H. Hicks (UU), until February 14, 1865
Massachusetts
▌1. Charles Sumner (R)
▌2. Henry Wilson (R)
Michigan
▌1. Zachariah Chandler (R)
▌2. Jacob M. Howard (R)
Minnesota
▌1. Alexander Ramsey (R)
▌2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R)
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Mississippi
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
Missouri
▌1. John B. Henderson (UU)
▌3. Robert Wilson (UU), until November 13, 1863
▌B. Gratz Brown (UU), from November 13, 1863
Nevada
▌1. William M. Stewart (R), from February 1, 1865 (newly admitted state)
▌3. James W. Nye (R), from February 1, 1865 (newly admitted state)
New Hampshire
▌2. John P. Hale (R)
▌3. Daniel Clark (R)
New Jersey
▌1. William Wright (D)
▌2. John C. Ten Eyck (R)
New York
▌1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)
▌3. Ira Harris (R)
North Carolina
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
Ohio
▌1. Benjamin Wade (R)
▌3. John Sherman (R)
Oregon
▌2. Benjamin F. Harding (D)
▌3. James W. Nesmith (D)
Pennsylvania
▌1. Charles R. Buckalew (D)
▌3. Edgar Cowan (R)
Rhode Island
▌1. William Sprague IV (R)
▌2. Henry B. Anthony (R)
South Carolina
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
Tennessee
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
Texas
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
Vermont
▌1. Solomon Foot (R)
▌3. Jacob Collamer (R)
Virginia
▌1. Lemuel J. Bowden (U), died January 2, 1864, vacant thereafter
▌2. John S. Carlile (U)
West Virginia
▌1. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU), from August 4, 1863 (newly admitted state)
▌2. Waitman T. Willey (UU), from August 4, 1863 (newly admitted state)
Wisconsin
▌1. James R. Doolittle (R)
▌3. Timothy O. Howe (R)
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President pro tempore Solomon Foot
President pro tempore Daniel Clark
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House of Representatives
Alabama
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
Arkansas
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
California
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
▌At-large. Cornelius Cole (R)
▌At-large. William Higby (R)
▌At-large. Thomas B. Shannon (R)
Connecticut
▌1. Henry C. Deming (R)
▌2. James E. English (D)
▌3. Augustus Brandegee (R)
▌4. John H. Hubbard (R)
Delaware
▌At-large. William Temple (D), until May 28, 1863
▌Nathaniel B. Smithers (UU), from December 7, 1863
Florida
At-large. Vacant
Georgia
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant
Illinois
▌1. Isaac N. Arnold (R)
▌2. John F. Farnsworth (R)
▌3. Elihu B. Washburne (R)
▌4. Charles M. Harris (D)
▌5. Owen Lovejoy (R), until March 25, 1864
▌Ebon C. Ingersoll (R), from May 20, 1864
▌6. Jesse O. Norton (R)
▌7. John R. Eden (D)
▌8. John T. Stuart (D)
▌9. Lewis W. Ross (D)
▌10. Anthony L. Knapp (D)
▌11. James C. Robinson (D)
▌12. William R. Morrison (D)
▌13. William J. Allen (D)
▌At-large. James C. Allen (D)
Indiana
▌1. John Law (D)
▌2. James A. Cravens (D)
▌3. Henry W. Harrington (D)
▌4. William S. Holman (D)
▌5. George W. Julian (R)
▌6. Ebenezer Dumont (R)
▌7. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)
▌8. Godlove S. Orth (R)
▌9. Schuyler Colfax (R)
▌10. Joseph K. Edgerton (D)
▌11. James F. McDowell (D)
Iowa
▌1. James F. Wilson (R)
▌2. Hiram Price (R)
▌3. William B. Allison (R)
▌4. Josiah B. Grinnell (R)
▌5. John A. Kasson (R)
▌6. Asahel W. Hubbard (R)
Kansas
▌At-large. A. Carter Wilder (R)
Kentucky
▌1. Lucien Anderson (UU)
▌2. George H. Yeaman (U)
▌3. Henry Grider (U)
▌4. Aaron Harding (U)
▌5. Robert Mallory (U)
▌6. Green C. Smith (UU)
▌7. Brutus J. Clay (U)
▌8. William H. Randall (UU)
▌9. William H. Wadsworth (U)
Louisiana
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
Maine
▌1. Lorenzo D.M. Sweat (D)
▌2. Sidney Perham (R)
▌3. James G. Blaine (R)
▌4. John H. Rice (R)
▌5. Frederick A. Pike (R)
Maryland
▌1. John A. J. Creswell (UU)
▌2. Edwin H. Webster (UU)
▌3. Henry Winter Davis (UU)
▌4. Francis Thomas (UU)
▌5. Benjamin G. Harris (D)
Massachusetts
▌1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)
▌2. Oakes Ames (R)
▌3. Alexander H. Rice (R)
▌4. Samuel Hooper (R)
▌5. John B. Alley (R)
▌6. Daniel W. Gooch (R)
▌7. George S. Boutwell (R)
▌8. John D. Baldwin (R)
▌9. William B. Washburn (R)
▌10. Henry L. Dawes (R)
Michigan
▌1. Fernando C. Beaman (R)
▌2. Charles Upson (R)
▌3. John W. Longyear (R)
▌4. Francis W. Kellogg (R)
▌5. Augustus C. Baldwin (D)
▌6. John F. Driggs (R)
Minnesota
▌1. William Windom (R)
▌2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)
Mississippi
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
Missouri
▌1. Francis P. Blair Jr. (R), until June 10, 1864
▌Samuel Knox (UU), from June 10, 1864
▌2. Henry T. Blow (UU)
▌3. John W. Noell (UU), until March 14, 1863
▌John G. Scott (D), from December 7, 1863
▌4. Sempronius H. Boyd (UU)
▌5. Joseph W. McClurg (UU)
▌6. Austin A. King (U)
▌7. Benjamin F. Loan (UU)
▌8. William A. Hall (U)
▌9. James S. Rollins (U)
Nevada
▌At-large. Henry G. Worthington (R), from October 31, 1864 (newly admitted state)
New Hampshire
▌1. Daniel Marcy (D)
▌2. Edward H. Rollins (R)
▌3. James W. Patterson (R)
New Jersey
▌1. John F. Starr (R)
▌2. George Middleton (D)
▌3. William G. Steele (D)
▌4. Andrew J. Rogers (D)
▌5. Nehemiah Perry (D)
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New York
▌1. Henry G. Stebbins (D), until October 24, 1864
▌Dwight Townsend (D), from December 5, 1864
▌2. Martin Kalbfleisch (D)
▌3. Moses F. Odell (D)
▌4. Benjamin Wood (D)
▌5. Fernando Wood (D)
▌6. Elijah Ward (D)
▌7. John W. Chanler (D)
▌8. James Brooks (D)
▌9. Anson Herrick (D)
▌10. William Radford (D)
▌11. Charles H. Winfield (D)
▌12. Homer A. Nelson (D)
▌13. John B. Steele (D)
▌14. Erastus Corning (D), until October 5, 1863
▌John V. L. Pruyn (D), from December 7, 1863
▌15. John Augustus Griswold (D)
▌16. Orlando Kellogg (R)
▌17. Calvin T. Hulburd (R)
▌18. James M. Marvin (R)
▌19. Samuel F. Miller (R)
▌20. Ambrose W. Clark (R)
▌21. Francis Kernan (D)
▌22. DeWitt C. Littlejohn (R)
▌23. Thomas T. Davis (R)
▌24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)
▌25. Daniel Morris (R)
▌26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (R)
▌27. Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (R)
▌28. Freeman Clarke (R)
▌29. Augustus Frank (R)
▌30. John Ganson (D)
▌31. Reuben E. Fenton (R), until December 20, 1864
North Carolina
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant
Ohio
▌1. George H. Pendleton (D)
▌2. Alexander Long (D)
▌3. Robert C. Schenck (R)
▌4. John F. McKinney (D)
▌5. Francis C. Le Blond (D)
▌6. Chilton A. White (D)
▌7. Samuel S. Cox (D)
▌8. William Johnston (D)
▌9. Warren P. Noble (D)
▌10. James M. Ashley (R)
▌11. Wells A. Hutchins (D)
▌12. William E. Finck (D)
▌13. John O'Neill (D)
▌14. George Bliss (D)
▌15. James R. Morris (D)
▌16. Joseph W. White (D)
▌17. Ephraim R. Eckley (R)
▌18. Rufus P. Spalding (R)
▌19. James A. Garfield (R)
Oregon
▌At-large. John R. McBride (R)
Pennsylvania
▌1. Samuel J. Randall (D)
▌2. Charles O'Neill (R)
▌3. Leonard Myers (R)
▌4. William D. Kelley (R)
▌5. M. Russell Thayer (R)
▌6. John D. Stiles (D)
▌7. John M. Broomall (R)
▌8. Sydenham E. Ancona (D)
▌9. Thaddeus Stevens (R)
▌10. Myer Strouse (D)
▌11. Philip Johnson (D)
▌12. Charles Denison (D)
▌13. Henry W. Tracy (IR)
▌14. William H. Miller (D)
▌15. Joseph Bailey (D)
▌16. Alexander H. Coffroth (D)
▌17. Archibald McAllister (D)
▌18. James T. Hale (IR)
▌19. Glenni W. Scofield (R)
▌20. Amos Myers (R)
▌21. John L. Dawson (D)
▌22. James K. Moorhead (R)
▌23. Thomas Williams (R)
▌24. Jesse Lazear (D)
Rhode Island
▌1. Thomas A. Jenckes (R)
▌2. Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)
South Carolina
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
Tennessee
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant
8. Vacant
Texas
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
Vermont
▌1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R)
▌2. Justin S. Morrill (R)
▌3. Portus Baxter (R)
Virginia
1. Vacant
2. Vacant
3. Vacant
4. Vacant
5. Vacant
6. Vacant
7. Vacant
8. Vacant
9. Vacant, moved to West Virginia June 20, 1863
10. Vacant, moved to West Virginia June 20, 1863
11. Vacant, moved to West Virginia June 20, 1863
West Virginia
▌1. Jacob B. Blair (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state)
▌2. William G. Brown Sr. (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state)
▌3. Kellian Whaley (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state)
Wisconsin
▌1. James S. Brown (D)
▌2. Ithamar C. Sloan (R)
▌3. Amasa Cobb (R)
▌4. Charles A. Eldredge (D)
▌5. Ezra Wheeler (D)
▌6. Walter D. McIndoe (R)
Non-voting members
▌Arizona Territory. Charles D. Poston (R), from December 5, 1864
▌Colorado Territory. Hiram P. Bennet (R)
▌Dakota Territory. William Jayne (R), until June 17, 1864
▌John B. S. Todd (D), from June 17, 1864
▌Idaho Territory. William H. Wallace (R), from February 1, 1864
▌Montana Territory. Samuel McLean (D), from January 6, 1865
▌Nebraska Territory. Samuel G. Daily (R)
▌Nevada Territory. Gordon N. Mott (R), until October 31, 1864
▌New Mexico Territory. Francisco Perea (R)
▌Utah Territory. John F. Kinney (D)
▌Washington Territory. George E. Cole (D)
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Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax
Group photo of the U.S. House of Representatives, in 1863, during this Congress.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 2
- Deaths: 1
- Resignations: 2
- Interim appointments: 1
- Seats of newly admitted states: 4
- Total seats with changes: 4
Senate changes
State (class)
|
Vacated by
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Reason for change
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Successor
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Date of successor's formal installation
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West Virginia (1)
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New seat
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West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Its first Senators were elected August 4, 1863.
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Peter G. Van Winkle (UU)
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August 4, 1863
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West Virginia (2)
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New seat
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West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Its first Senators were elected August 4, 1863.
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Waitman T. Willey (UU)
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August 4, 1863
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Missouri (3)
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Robert Wilson (UU)
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Successor elected for Sen. Waldo P. Johnson November 13, 1863.
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B. Gratz Brown (UU)
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November 13, 1863
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Virginia (1)
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Lemuel J. Bowden (U)
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Died January 2, 1864.
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Vacant
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Not filled this Congress
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Delaware (1)
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James A. Bayard Jr. (D)
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Resigned January 29, 1864, for unknown reasons. Successor elected January 29, 1864.
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George R. Riddle (D)
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February 2, 1864
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Maine (2)
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William P. Fessenden (R)
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Resigned July 1, 1864, to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Successor appointed October 27, 1864, to finish the term.
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Nathan A. Farwell (R)
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October 27, 1864
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Nevada (1)
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New seat
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Nevada admitted to the Union October 31, 1864. Its first Senators were elected February 1, 1865.
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William M. Stewart (R)
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February 1, 1865
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Nevada (3)
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New seat
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Nevada admitted to the Union October 31, 1864. Its first Senators were elected February 1, 1865.
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James W. Nye (R)
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February 1, 1865
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Maryland (3)
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Thomas H. Hicks (UU)
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Died February 14, 1865.
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Vacant
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Not filled this Congress.
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House of Representatives
- Replacements: 6
- Deaths: 3
- Resignations: 3
- Contested election: 1
- Seats of newly admitted seats: 4
- Total seats with changes: 7
House changes
District
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Vacated by
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Reason for change
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Successor
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Date of successor's formal installation
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Arizona Territory At-large
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Vacant
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Territory organized in previous congress. Seat remained vacant until December 5, 1864.
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Charles D. Poston (R)
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December 5, 1864
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Missouri 3rd
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John W. Noell (UU)
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Died March 14, 1863.
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John G. Scott (D)
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December 7, 1863
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Delaware At-large
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William Temple (D)
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Died May 28, 1863.
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Nathaniel B. Smithers (UU)
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December 7, 1863
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New York 14th
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Erastus Corning (D)
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Resigned October 5, 1863.
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John V. L. Pruyn (D)
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December 7, 1863
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West Virginia 1st
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New state
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West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Seat remained vacant until December 7, 1863.
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Jacob B. Blair (UU)
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December 7, 1863
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West Virginia 2nd
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New state
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West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Seat remained vacant until December 7, 1863.
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William G. Brown Sr. (UU)
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December 7, 1863
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West Virginia 3rd
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New state
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West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Seat remained vacant until December 7, 1863.
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Kellian Whaley (UU)
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December 7, 1863
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Idaho Territory At-large
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New territory
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Territory organized February 1, 1864.
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William H. Wallace (R)
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February 1, 1864
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Illinois 5th
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Owen Lovejoy (R)
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Died March 25, 1864.
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Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)
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May 20, 1864
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Montana Territory At-large
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New territory
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Territory organized May 26, 1864. Seat remained vacant until January 6, 1865.
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Samuel McLean (D)
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January 6, 1865
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Missouri 1st
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Francis P. Blair Jr. (R)
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Lost contested election June 10, 1864
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Samuel Knox (UU)
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June 10, 1864
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Dakota Territory At-large
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William Jayne
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Lost contested election June 17, 1864
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John B. S. Todd (D)
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June 17, 1864
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New York 1st
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Henry G. Stebbins (D)
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Resigned October 24, 1864.
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Dwight Townsend (D)
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December 5, 1864
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Nevada Territory At-large
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Gordon N. Mott (R)
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Nevada achieved statehood October 31, 1864
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District eliminated
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Nevada At-large
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New state
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Nevada admitted to the Union October 31, 1864.
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Henry G. Worthington (R)
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October 31, 1864
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New York 31st
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Reuben Fenton (R)
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Resigned December 20, 1864, after being elected Governor of New York.
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Vacant
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Not filled this Congress
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Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Agriculture (John Sherman, Chair)
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (James Dixon, Chair)
- Claims (Daniel Clark, Chair)
- Commerce (Zachariah Chandler, Chair)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia (James W. Grimes, Chair)
- Engrossed Bills (Henry S. Lane, Chair)
- Finance (William P. Fessenden, Chair)
- Foreign Relations (Charles Sumner, Chair)
- Indian Affairs (James Rood Doolittle, Chair)
- Judiciary (Lyman Trumbull, Chair)
- Manufactures (Zachariah Chandler, Chair)
- Military Affairs (Henry Wilson, Chair)
- Naval Affairs (John P. Hale, Chair)
- Naval Supplies (Select)
- Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
- Overland Mail Service (Select)
- Pacific Railroad (Select) (Jacob M. Howard, Chair)
- Patents and the Patent Office (Edgar Cowan, Chair)
- Pensions (La Fayette S. Foster, Chair)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Jacob Collamer, Chair)
- Private Land Claims (Ira Harris, Chair)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Solomon Foot, Chair)
- Public Lands (James Harlan, Chair)
- Retrenchment (N/A, Chair)
- Revolutionary Claims (Morton S. Wilkinson, Chair)
- Slavery and the Treatment of Freedmen (Select)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Territories (Benjamin F. Wade, Chair)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Edward H. Rollins, Chair)
- Agriculture (Brutus J. Clay, Chair)
- Banking and Currency (N/A, Chair)
- Bankrupt Law (Select)
- Claims (James T. Hale, Chair)
- Commerce (Elihu B. Washburne, Chair)
- District of Columbia (Owen Lovejoy, Chair)
- Elections (Henry L. Dawes, Chair)
- Expenditures in the Interior Department (Thomas B. Shannon, Chair)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Portus Baxter, Chair)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Theodore M. Pomeroy, Chair)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Frederick A. Pike, Chair)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Amos Myers, Chair)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Henry C. Deming, Chair)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (John W. Longyear, Chair)
- Foreign Affairs (Henry Winter Davis, Chair)
- Indian Affairs (William Windom, Chair)
- Invalid Pensions (Kellian V. Whaley, Chair)
- Judiciary (James F. Wilson, Chair)
- Manufactures (James K. Moorhead, Chair)
- Mileage (James C. Robinson, Chair)
- Military Affairs (Robert C. Schenck, Chair)
- Militia (Robert B. Van Valkenburgh, Chair)
- Naval Affairs (Alexander H. Rice, Chair)
- Patents (Thomas A. Jenckes, Chair)
- Post Office and Post Roads (John B. Alley, Chair)
- Private Land Claims (M. Russell Thayer, Chair)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (John H. Rice, Chair)
- Public Expenditures (Calvin T. Hulburd, Chair)
- Public Lands (George W. Julian, Chair)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Sempronius H. Boyd, Chair)
- Revolutionary Claims (Hiram Price, Chair)
- Revolutionary Pensions (Dewitt C. Littlejohn, Chair)
- Roads and Canals (Isaac N. Arnold, Chair)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (James M. Ashley, Chair)
- Ways and Means (Thaddeus Stevens, Chair)
- Whole
Joint appointments
Caucuses
Employees
Senate
House of Representatives
See also
Notes
- ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
References
- ^ Martis, Kenneth C., "Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress: 1789–1989, 1989 ISBN 0-02-920170-5 p. 116.
- ^ Emancipation Proclamation text found at Emancipation Proclamation, "Featured Texts" online at the National Archives and Records Administration. Viewed April 14, 2014.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links